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[循環論證] xúnhuánlùnzhèng circular argument
logical error consisting of begging the question
Latin: petitio principii

Character Composition

Character Compounds

Word Compounds


        xúnhuán, [循環], to cycle/to circulate/circle/loop
        zūnxún, to follow/to abide by/to comply with/compliance
        xún, to follow/to adhere to/to abide by
        xúnguīdǎojǔ, [循規蹈矩], to follow the compass and go with the set square (idiom); to follow the rules in...
        xúnhuánxìtǒng, [循環系統], circulatory system
        èxìngxúnhuán, [惡性循環], vicious circle
        xúnxùjiànjìn, [循序漸進], in sequence, step by step (idiom); to make steady progress incrementally
        yīnxúnshǒujiù, [因循守舊], (idiom) to continue in the same old rut/diehard conservative attitudes
        xúnxúnshànyòu, [循循善誘], to guide patiently and systematically (idiom)
        xúnhuánsài, [循環賽], round-robin tournament
        
        
        
        

        huánjìng, [環境], environment/circumstances/surroundings/CL:個|个[gè]/ambient
        liánhuán, [連環], chain
        Huán/huán, [環], surname Huan, ring/hoop/loop/(chain) link/classifier for scores in archery etc/t...
        huánjié, [環節], (zoology) segment (of the body of a worm, centipede etc)/(fig.) a part of an int...
        xúnhuán, [循環], to cycle/to circulate/circle/loop
        ěrhuán, [耳環], earring/CL:隻|只[zhī],對|对[duì]
        huánqiú, [環球], around the world/worldwide
        huánbǎo, [環保], environmental protection/environmentally friendly/abbr. for 環境保護|环境保护[huán jìng ...
        huánrào, [環繞], to surround/to circle/to revolve around
        huányóu, [環遊], to travel around (the world, a country etc)
        zhǐhuán, [指環], (finger) ring
        guānghuán, [光環], halo/ring of light
        huángù, [環顧], to look around/to survey
        liánhuánhuà, [連環畫], lianhuanhua (graphic novel)
        huāhuán, [花環], garland/floral hoop
        huánxíng, [環形], ring-shaped
        xúnhuánxìtǒng, [循環系統], circulatory system
        èxìngxúnhuán, [惡性循環], vicious circle
        
        huánzhuàng, [環狀], annular/toroidal/loop-shaped/ring-like
        huánbǎojú, [環保局], environment protection office/PRC National bureau of environmental protection
        diàohuán, [吊環], rings (gymnastics)
        huánlù, [環路], ring road/closed circuit/loop
        
        ménhuán, [門環], door knocker (in the shape of a ring)
        sìhuánsù, [四環素], tetracycline
        huánwèi, [環衛], public cleanliness/(urban) sanitation/environmental sanitation/abbr. for 環境衛生|环境...
        běnhuán, [苯環], benzene ring (chemistry)
        
        huánchéng, [環城], encircling the city (of walls, ring road etc)/around the city
        
        huánbào, [環抱], to encircle/surrounded by
        
线         huánxiàn, [環線], ring road/circle line (e.g. rail or subway)
        huánhuánxiāngkòu, [環環相扣], closely linked with one another/interlocked/to interrelate
        
        tiěhuán, [鐵環], an iron ring
        huányǎngshùzhī, [環氧樹脂], epoxy resin (chemistry)
        xiǎnxiànghuánshēng, [險象環生], dangers spring up all around (idiom); surrounded by perils
        
        
        
        
        xúnhuánsài, [循環賽], round-robin tournament
        
        yuánhuán, [圓環], rotary/traffic circle/ring
        
        
        huándǎo, [環島], roundabout (traffic island)/around an island (trip etc)
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        Zhōnghuán, [中環], Central, Hong Kong Island

        tǎolùn, [討論], to discuss/to talk over/CL:個|个[gè]
        wúlùn, [無論], no matter what or how/regardless of whether...
        tánlùn, [談論], to discuss/to talk about
        lǐlùn, [理論], theory/CL:個|个[gè]/to argue/to take notice of
        wúlùnrúhé, [無論如何], whatever the case/in any event/no matter what/by all possible means
        bùlùn, [不論], whatever/no matter what (who, how etc)/regardless of/not to discuss
        pínglùn, [評論], to comment on/to discuss/comment/commentary/CL:篇[piān]
        jiélùn, [結論], conclusion/verdict/CL:個|个[gè]/to conclude/to reach a verdict
        lùnwén, [論文], paper/treatise/thesis/CL:篇[piān]/to discuss a paper or thesis (old)
        zhēnglùn, [爭論], to argue/to debate/to contend/argument/contention/controversy/debate/CL:次[cì],場|...
        
        biànlùn, [辯論], debate/argument/to argue over/CL:場|场[chǎng],次[cì]
        Lún/lùn, [論], abbr. for 論語|论语[Lún yǔ], The Analects (of Confucius), opinion/view/theory/doctri...
        yánlùn, [言論], expression of opinion/views/remarks/arguments
        yìlùn, [議論], to comment/to talk about/to discuss/discussion/CL:個|个[gè]
        dìnglùn, [定論], final conclusion/accepted argument
        
        lùntán, [論壇], forum (for discussion)
        tuīlùn, [推論], to infer/inference/corollary/reasoned conclusion
        xiāngtíbìnglùn, [相提並論], to discuss two disparate things together (idiom); to mention on equal terms/to p...
        pínglùnjiā, [評論家], critic/reviewer
        yúlùn, [輿論], public opinion
        lùndiǎn, [論點], argument/line of reasoning/thesis/point (of discussion)
        
        wúshénlùn, [無神論], atheism
        
        
        tǎolùnhuì, [討論會], symposium/discussion forum
        lùnjù, [論據], grounds (for an argument)/contention/thesis
        lìngdāngbiélùn, [另當別論], to treat differently/another cup of tea
        píngtóulùnzú, [評頭論足], lit. to assess the head and discuss the feet (idiom); minute criticism of a woma...
        miùlùn, [謬論], misconception/fallacy
        lùnzhèng, [論證], to prove a point/to expound on/to demonstrate or prove (through argument)/proof
        jìnhuàlùn, [進化論], Darwin's theory of evolution
        shèlùn, [社論], editorial (in a newspaper)/CL:篇[piān]
        pǐntóulùnzú, [品頭論足], lit. to assess the head and discuss the feet (idiom); minute criticism of a woma...
        lùnduàn, [論斷], to infer/to judge/inference/judgment/conclusion
        jiùshìlùnshì, [就事論事], to discuss sth on its own merits/to judge the matter as it stands
        
        yìlùnfēnfēn, [議論紛紛], to discuss spiritedly (idiom)/tongues are wagging
        lùndiào, [論調], argument/view (sometimes derogatory)
        bóyìlùn, [博弈論], game theory
        xiāngduìlùn, [相對論], theory of relativity
        bèilùn, [悖論], paradox (logic)
        gāotánkuòlùn, [高談闊論], to harangue/loud arrogant talk/to spout
        lǐlùnjiā, [理論家], theorist/theoretician
        lùntí, [論題], topic
        lùnshù, [論述], treatise/discourse/exposition
        
        
怀         
        jíhélùn, [集合論], set theory (math.)
        píngxīnérlùn, [平心而論], to be honest, ...
        
        shùlùn, [數論], number theory (math.)
        lùnzhàn, [論戰], to debate/to contend/polemics
        lùnlǐ, [論理], normally/as things should be/by rights/to reason things out/logic
        
        liàngzǐlùn, [量子論], quantum theory (physics)
        zhènglùn, [政論], political commentary
        lùnjí, [論及], to make reference to/to write about
        yīgàiérlùn, [一概而論], to lump different matters together (idiom)
        gāolùn, [高論], enlightening remarks (honorific)/brilliant views
        
        kòngzhìlùn, [控制論], control theory (math.)/cybernetics
        gōnglùn, [公論], public opinion
        juédìnglùn, [決定論], determinism
        fāngfǎlùn, [方法論], methodology/Discours de la méthode by René Descartes 笛卡兒|笛卡儿[Dí kǎ ér], 1637
宿         sùmìnglùn, [宿命論], fatalism/fatalistic
        sānduànlùn, [三段論], syllogism (deduction in logic)
        
        lùnzhēng, [論爭], argument/debate/controversy
        
        lùnzhù, [論著], treatise/study
        
        dǎolùn, [導論], introduction
        
        
        Zīběnlùn, [資本論], Das Kapital (1867) by Karl Marx 卡爾·馬克思|卡尔·马克思[Kǎ ěr · Mǎ kè sī]
        běntǐlùn, [本體論], ontology
        rènshilùn, [認識論], epistemology (in philosophy, the theory of how we know things)
        
        gàiguānlùndìng, [蓋棺論定], don't pass judgment on a person's life until the lid is on the coffin (idiom)
        Lúnyǔ, [論語], The Analects of Confucius 孔子[Kǒng zǐ]
        
        gàilùn, [概論], outline/introduction/survey/general discussion
        
        wéixīnlùn, [唯心論], philosophy of idealism, the doctrine that external reality is a product of consc...
        lìlùn, [立論], proposition/argument
        gàilǜlùn, [概率論], probability (math.)
        liàngzǐchǎnglùn, [量子場論], quantum field theory
        
        zhēnglùndiǎn, [爭論點], contention
        
        
        qítánguàilùn, [奇談怪論], strange tales and absurd arguments (idiom)/unreasonable remarks
        yǒushénlùn, [有神論], theism (the belief in the existence of God)
        
        jiǎnglùn, [講論], to discuss
        
        
        duōyuánlùn, [多元論], pluralism, philosophical doctrine that the universe consists of different substa...
        

        bǎozhèng, [保證], guarantee/to guarantee/to ensure/to safeguard/to pledge/CL:個|个[gè]
        zhèngmíng, [證明], proof/certificate/identification/testimonial/CL:個|个[gè]/to prove/to testify/to c...
        zhèngjù, [證據], evidence/proof/testimony
        zhèngrén, [證人], witness
        zhèng, [証]/[證], to admonish/variant of 證|证[zhèng], certificate/proof/to prove/to demonstrate/to ...
        zuòzhèng, [作證], to bear witness/to testify
        zhèngshí, [證實], to confirm (sth to be true)/to verify
        zhèngcí, [證詞], testimony
        shēnfènzhèng, [身份證], identity card/ID
        jiànzhèng, [見證], to be witness to/witness/evidence
        tīngzhènghuì, [聽證會], (legislative) hearing
        zhèngjiàn, [證件], certificate/papers/credentials/document/ID
        zhèngwù, [證物], exhibit (law)
        tōngxíngzhèng, [通行證], a pass (authority to enter)/a laissez-passer or safe conduct
        wùzhèng, [物證], material evidence
        qiānzhèng, [簽證], visa/certificate/to certify/CL:個|个[gè]
        xǔkězhèng, [許可證], license/authorization/permit
        zhèngshū, [證書], credentials/certificate
        yànzhèng, [驗證], to inspect and verify/experimental verification/to validate (a theory)/to authen...
        zhèngquàn, [證券], negotiable security (financial)/certificate/stocks and bonds
        wěizhèng, [偽證], perjury
        
        
        rènzhèng, [認證], to authenticate/to approve
        qǔzhèng, [取證], to collect evidence
        zhèngrénxí, [證人席], witness stand or box
        
        zhèngyán, [證言], testimony
        cházhèng, [查證], investigate/check out (a story)
        tiězhèng, [鐵證], ironclad evidence/conclusive proof
        
        jiànzhèngrén, [見證人], eyewitness (to an incident)/witness (to a legal transaction)
        jiàshǐzhèng, [駕駛證], driver's license
        zhèngmíngshū, [證明書], certificate
        
        lùnzhèng, [論證], to prove a point/to expound on/to demonstrate or prove (through argument)/proof
        
        bǎozhèngjīn, [保證金], earnest money/cash deposit/bail/margin (in derivative trading)
        qiúzhèng, [求證], to seek proof/to seek confirmation
        
        gōngzhèng, [公證], notarization/notarized/acknowledgement
        xuéshengzhèng, [學生證], student identity card
        
        jiǎzhèng, [假證], false testimony
        yìnzhèng, [印證], to seal/to confirm/to corroborate/to verify
        pángzhèng, [旁證], circumstantial evidence
        jiéhūnzhèng, [結婚證], marriage certificate
        rénzhèng, [人證], witness testimony
        gōngzhèngrén, [公證人], notary/actuary
        chūshēngzhèng, [出生證], birth certificate/CL:張|张[zhāng]
        bǎozhèngrén, [保證人], guarantor/bailor
        píngzhèng, [憑證], proof/certificate/receipt/voucher
        
        
        fǎnzhèng, [反證], disproof/rebuttal/reductio ad absurdum
        kǎozhèng, [考證], to do textual research/to make textual criticism/to verify by means of research ...
        lìzhèng, [例證], example/case in point
        
        
        zhènghūnrén, [證婚人], wedding witness
        jièshūzhèng, [借書證], library card
        tiězhèngrúshān, [鐵證如山], irrefutable evidence
        
        biànzhèngfǎ, [辯證法], dialectics/dialectic or Socratic method of debate
        
        quèzhèng, [確證], to prove/to confirm/to corroborate/convincing proof
        zhènghūn, [證婚], to be witness (at a wedding)
        biànzhèng, [辯證], to investigate/dialectical
        shízhèng, [實證], actual proof/concrete evidence/empirical
        duìzhèng, [對證], confrontation
        
        zànzhùzhèng, [暫住證], temporary residence permit
        zuǒzhèng, [佐證], evidence/proof/to confirm/corroboration
        xìnyòngzhèng, [信用證], letter of credit
        zhìzhèng, [質證], examination of the evidence of the opposing party in a court of law
        míngzhèng, [明證], clear proof
        yǐnzhèng, [引證], to cite/to quote/to cite as evidence
        zhèngzhāng, [證章], badge
        
        
        
        
        Zhèngjiānhuì, [證監會], China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)/abbr. for 中國證券監督管理委員會|中国证券监督管理委员会[...
        
        biànzhèng, [辨證], to investigate
        jūliúzhèng, [居留證], residence permit
        zhèngjiāosuǒ, [證交所], stock exchange
        
        shízhèngzhǔyì, [實證主義], positivism/empiricism
        yǒujiàzhèngquàn, [有價證券], securities/collateral (for loan)
        zhǔnkǎozhèng, [准考證], (exam) admission ticket
        
        piàozhèng, [票證], a ticket/a pass (e.g. to enter a building)
        zhèngzhào, [證照], professional certification/certificate/ID or passport photo
        
        
        
        
        

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