HSK东西 Scripts Advanced Search Radicals [collapse definitions]
[需求層次理論] xūqiúcéngcìlǐlùn (Maslow's) hierarchy of needs (psychology)

Character Composition

Character Compounds

Word Compounds


        xūyào, to need/to want/to demand/to require/requirement/need
        xū, to require/to need/to want/necessity/need
        bìxū, to need/to require/essential/indispensable
        xūqiú, requirement/to require/(economics) demand
        jíxū, to urgently need/urgent need
        wúxū, [無需], needless
        bìxūpǐn, necessity/essential (thing)
        jūnxū, [軍需], military supplies
        
        jíxū, to urgently need/urgent need
        gèqǔsuǒxū, each takes what he needs (idiom)
        
        gōngxū, supply and demand
        nèixū, [內需], domestic demand
        
        tèxū, special need/particular requirement

        qiú, to seek/to look for/to request/to demand/to beseech
        yāoqiú, to request/to require/requirement/to stake a claim/to ask/to demand/CL:點|点[diǎn]
        qǐngqiú, [請求], to request/to ask/request/CL:個|个[gè]
        zhuīqiú, to pursue (a goal etc) stubbornly/to seek after/to woo
        qiúhūn, to propose marriage
        xúnqiú, [尋求], to seek/to look for
        xūqiú, requirement/to require/(economics) demand
        qiújiù, to cry for help
        qiúzhù, to request help/to appeal (for help)
        qíqiú, to pray for/to appeal
        kěnqiú, [懇求], to beg/to beseech/to entreat/entreaty
        mèngmèiyǐqiú, [夢寐以求], to yearn for sth even in one's dreams (idiom)/to long for sth day and night
        qǐqiú, to beg
        zhēngqiú, [徵求], to solicit/to seek/to request (opinions, feedback etc)/to petition
        qiúshēng, to seek survival/to possess the will to live
        kěqiú, to long for/to crave for/to greatly desire
        qiúráo, [求饒], to beg forgiveness
        qiúzhībùdé, lit. seek but fail to get (idiom); fig. exactly what one’s been looking for
        qiúài, [求愛], to woo
        āiqiú, to entreat/to implore/to plead
        qiúqíng, to plea for leniency/to ask for a favor
        qiúyuán, to ask for help
        chuīmáoqiúcī, lit. to blow apart the hairs upon a fur to discover any defect (idiom); fig. to ...
        qiǎngqiú, [強求], to insist on/to demand/to impose
        qiúzhí, [求職], to seek employment
        lìqiú, to make every effort to/striving to do one's best
        qiúzhèng, [求證], to seek proof/to seek confirmation
        qiúrén, to ask for help/to ask a favor/to recruit talented people
        kēqiú, demanding
        jiǎngqiú, [講求], to stress/to emphasize/particular about sth/to strive for
        
        wěiqūqiúquán, to accept a compromise
        móuqiú, [謀求], to seek/to strive for
        shíshìqiúshì, [實事求是], to seek truth from facts (idiom)/to be practical and realistic
        yāngqiú, to implore/to plead/to ask earnestly
        qiúdé, to ask for sth and receive it/to try to obtain/to look for and obtain
        tànqiú, to seek/to pursue/to investigate
        
        qiúzhīyù, [求知慾], desire for knowledge
        yǒuqiúbìyìng, [有求必應], to grant whatever is asked for/to accede to every plea
        qiújiào, to ask for advice/seeking instruction
        gōngbùyìngqiú, [供不應求], supply does not meet demand
        qiúhé, to sue for peace/to look for a draw (chess)/summation (math.)
        
        
        qǐqiú, to seek for/to hope to gain/desirous
        gōngqiú, supply and demand (economics)
        
        qiúxué, [求學], to seek knowledge/to study/to attend college
        qiújiě, to require a solution/to seek to solve (an equation)
        
        qiúzhī, anxious to learn/keen for knowledge
        qiútóngcúnyì, [求同存異], to seek common ground, putting differences aside (idiom)
        jīngyìqiújīng, to perfect sth that is already outstanding (idiom); constantly improving
        qiúshì, to seek the truth
        qiúyī, [求醫], to seek medical treatment/to see a doctor
        
        
        jíyúqiúchéng, [急於求成], anxious for quick results (idiom); to demand instant success/impatient for resul...
        qiúzhízhě, [求職者], job applicant
        
        tānqiú, [貪求], to pursue greedily/to crave
        qiúsuǒ, to search for sth/to seek/to quest/to explore
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        Máolǐqiúsī, Mauritius
        
        

        céng, [層], layer/stratum/laminated/floor (of a building)/storey/classifier for layers/repea...
        gāocéng, [高層], high level/high class
        céngcì, [層次], layer/level/gradation/arrangement of ideas/(a person's) standing
        céngmiàn, [層面], aspect/facet/level (political, psychological, spiritual etc)/(geology) bedding p...
        shàngcéng, [上層], upper layer
        lóucéng, [樓層], story/floor
        dǐcéng, [底層], ground or first floor/bottom (of a pile)/lowest rung (of society)
        dàqìcéng, [大氣層], atmosphere
        dǐngcéng, [頂層], top floor/the top of a building
        duàncéng, [斷層], fault (geology)/CL:道[dào],個|个[gè]/(fig.) gap/rupture (in the transmission of som...
        jiēcéng, [階層], hierarchy/stratum/social class
        
        yúncéng, [雲層], the clouds/cloud layer/cloud bank
        shuāngcéng, [雙層], double tier/double decker
        xiàcéng, [下層], underlayer/lower class/lower strata/substrate
        shēncéng, [深層], deep layer/deep/deep-seated/underlying
        gèngshàngyīcénglóu, [更上一層樓], to take it up a notch/to bring it up a level
        biǎocéng, [表層], surface layer
        céngcéng, [層層], layer upon layer
        
        pícéng, [皮層], cortex
        zhōngcéng, [中層], middle-ranking
        
        chòuyǎngcéng, [臭氧層], ozone layer
        jiācéng, [夾層], interval between two layers/double-layered/mezzanine
        wàicéng, [外層], outer layer/outer shell
        
        lǐngdǎocéng, [領導層], ruling class/leaders (of society)/oligarchy
        jīcéng, [基層], basic level/grassroots unit/basement layer
        yáncéng, [岩層]/[巖層], rock strata, variant of 岩層|岩层[yán céng]/rock strata
        céngchūbùqióng, [層出不窮], more and more emerge/innumerable succession/breeding like flies (idiom)
        dìcéng, [地層], stratum (geology)
        fēncéng, [分層], lamination/layering/stratification/delamination
        shuāngcéngchuáng, [雙層床], bunk beds
        túcéng, [塗層], protective layer/coating
        gōngxīnjiēcéng, [工薪階層], salaried class
        diànlícéng, [電離層], ionosphere
        tǔcéng, [土層], layer of soil/ground level
        
        céngjí, [層級], level/hierarchy
        shàngcéngjiànzhù, [上層建築], superstructure
        duìliúcéng, [對流層], troposphere/lower atmosphere
        
        céngdié, [層疊], layer upon layer/tiered
        
        
        
        céngliú, [層流], laminar flow
        
        céngzhuàng, [層狀], stratified/bedded (geology)
        
        
        
        céngluándiézhàng, [層巒疊嶂], range upon range of mountains (idiom)
        céngbào, [層報], to report to higher authorities through layers of hierarchy
        
        tóngwēncéng, [同溫層], stratosphere
        

        cì, next in sequence/second/the second (day, time etc)/secondary/vice-/sub-/infra-/i...
        
        zàicì, one more time/again/one more/once again
        xiàcì, next time
        měicì, every time
        shàngcì, last time
        qícì, next/secondly
        duōcì, many times/repeatedly
        cìshù, [次數], number of times/frequency/order number (in a series)/power (math.)/degree of a p...
        
        cǐcì, this time
        céngcì, [層次], layer/level/gradation/arrangement of ideas/(a person's) standing
        chūcì, for the first time/first (meeting, attempt etc)
        yīcìxìng, one-off (offer)/one-time/single-use/disposable (goods)
        dàngcì, [檔次], grade/class/quality/level
        
        cìxù, sequence/order
        cìyào, secondary
        
        yīcì, in order/in succession
        míngcì, position in a ranking of names/place/rank
        cìjí, [次級], secondary
        cìrì, next day/the morrow
        cìpǐn, substandard products/defective/seconds
        jǐncìyú, [僅次于], second only to.../(in second place) preceded only by...
        cìzhǎng, [次長], deputy chief
        cìyú, [次於], second after/second only to
        lǚcì, [屢次], repeatedly/time and again
        bāncì, grade/class number (in school)/flight or run number/flight or run (seen as an it...
        cìzǐ, second son
        zhǔcì, the important and the less important/primary and secondary
        
        
        shǒucì, first/first time/for the first time
        
        chǎngcì, [場次], the number of showings of a movie, play etc/screening/performance
        ÈrcìDàzhàn, [二次大戰], World War Two
        
        cìděng, second class/second rate
        
        
        cìlǜsuān, hypochlorous acid HOCl (bleach)
        zàocì, (literary) hurried/rash
        réncì, person-times/visits/classifier for number of people participating
        
        cìnǚ, second daughter
        sānfānwǔcì, over and over again (idiom)
        cìhuò, [次貨], inferior goods/substandard products
        yǐcì, in the proper order/the following
        cìshēng, derivative/secondary/sub-
        
        jiàcì, sortie/flight
        cìshēnglín, secondary growth of forest
        cìzhī, second (in a competition)/occupying second place
        
        wèicì, place (in numbered sequence)/degree on employment scale
        
        
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        chēcì, [車次], train or coach service ("service" as in "they run 12 services per day between th...
        
        
        
        Pǔcìmáosī, [樸次茅斯], Portsmouth, southern English seaport
        
        
        
        ÈhuòcìkèHǎi, Sea of Okhotsk
        
        cìdàlù, [次大陸], subcontinent (e.g. the Indian subcontinent)
        

        chǔlǐ, [處理], to handle/to treat/to deal with/to process/to deal with a criminal case/to mete ...
        lǐjiě, to comprehend/to understand/comprehension/understanding
        lǐyóu, reason/grounds/justification/CL:個|个[gè]
        xīnlǐ, psychology/mentality
        jīnglǐ, [經理], manager/director/CL:個|个[gè],位[wèi],名[míng]
        lǐ, texture/grain (of wood)/inner essence/intrinsic order/reason/logic/truth/science...
        dàoli, reason/argument/sense/principle/basis/justification/CL:個|个[gè]
        
        lǐlùn, [理論], theory/CL:個|个[gè]/to argue/to take notice of
        qīnglǐ, to clear up/to tidy up/to dispose of
        guǎnlǐ, to supervise/to manage/to administer/management/administration/CL:個|个[gè]
        zhùlǐ, assistant
        hélǐ, rational/reasonable/fair
        zhěnglǐ, to arrange/to tidy up/to sort out/to straighten out/to list systematically/to co...
        lǐzhì, reason/intellect/rationality/rational
        lǐxiǎng, an ideal/a dream/ideal/perfect
        xiūlǐ, to repair/to fix/to prune/to trim/(coll.) to sort sb out/to fix sb
        dàilǐ, to act on behalf of sb in a responsible position/to act as an agent or proxy/sur...
        wùlǐ, physics/physical
        xīnlǐxué, [心理學], psychology
        zhēnlǐ, truth/CL:個|个[gè]
        guǎnlǐyuán, [管理員], manager/administrator
        hùlǐ, [護理], to nurse/to tend and protect
        shēnglǐ, physiology
        Lǐchádé, Richard (name)
        lǐxìng, reason/rationality/rational
        lǐniàn, idea/concept/philosophy/theory
        lǐhuì, [理會], to understand/to pay attention to/to take notice of
        
        dàilǐrén, agent
        lǐsuǒdāngrán, [理所當然], as it should be by rights (idiom); proper and to be expected as a matter of cour...
        shěnlǐ, [審理], to hear (a case)
        tuīlǐ, reasoning/inference/to infer/to deduce
        yuánlǐ, principle/theory
        zǒnglǐ, [總理], premier/prime minister/CL:個|个[gè],位[wèi],名[míng]
        dìlǐ, geography
        liàolǐ, to arrange/to handle/to cook/cuisine/art of cooking
        lǐfà, [理髮], a barber/hairdressing
        bùkělǐyù, to be impervious to reason (idiom)/unreasonable
        lǐyīng, [理應], should/ought to
        lǐfàdiàn, [理髮店], barbershop/hairdresser's/CL:家[jiā]
        lǐfàshī, [理髮師], barber
        wùlǐxuéjiā, [物理學家], physicist
        wúlǐ, [無理], irrational/unreasonable
        bànlǐ, [辦理], to handle/to transact/to conduct
        chánglǐ, common sense/conventional reasoning and morals
        qínglǐ, reason/sense
        dàlǐshí, marble
        zhìzhībùlǐ, to pay no heed to (idiom)/to ignore/to brush aside
        lǐcǎi, to heed/to pay attention to
        lǐliáo, [理療], physiotherapy
        dāli, variant of 答理[dā li]
        héqínghélǐ, reasonable and fair (idiom)
        lǐshìhuì, [理事會], council
        wúlǐqǔnào, [無理取鬧], to make trouble without reason (idiom); to be deliberately provocative
        Lǐchá, Richard (name)
        
        wùlǐxué, [物理學], physics
        bùlǐ, to refuse to acknowledge/to pay no attention to/to take no notice of/to ignore
        lúnlǐ, [倫理], ethics
        zǒngjīnglǐ, [總經理], general manager/CEO
        
        chǔlǐqì, [處理器], processor
        tiáolǐ, [條理], arrangement/order/tidiness
        lǐcái, [理財], financial management/finance
        shūlǐ, to comb/fig. to sort out
        shòulǐ, to accept to hear a case/to handle (a service)
        tōngqíngdálǐ, [通情達理], fair and reasonable (idiom); sensible/standing to reason
        
        jiǎnglǐ, [講理], to argue/to reason with sb/to talk sense/to be reasonable
        zhìlǐ, to govern/to administer/to manage/to control/governance
        
        dàilǐshāng, agent
        
        xiūlǐchǎng, [修理廠], repair shop
        zàilǐ, reasonable/sensible
        
        lǐkē, the sciences (as opposed to the humanities 文科[wén kē])
        xīnānlǐdé, to have a clear conscience/to have no qualms about sth
        bìnglǐxué, [病理學], pathology
        dàdàoli, major principle/general truth/sermon (reproof)/bombastic talk
        
        
        dìnglǐ, established theory/theorem (math.)
        
        lǐpéi, [理賠], to settle a claim/claims settlement/payment of claims
        tiānlǐ, Heaven's law/the natural order of things
        shùnlǐchéngzhāng, [順理成章], logical/only to be expected/rational and clearly structured (of text)
        bìnglǐ, pathology
        lǐshùn, [理順], to straighten out/to sort out/to organize
        
        shēnglǐxué, [生理學], physiology
        zhélǐ, philosophic theory/philosophy
        guǎnlǐrén, supervisor/manager/administrator
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        ànlǐshuō, [按理說], it is reasonable to say that...
        hélǐxìng, reason/rationality/rationale/reasonableness
        shìlǐ, reason/logic
        lǐshì, member of council
        
        
        wénlǐ, [紋理], vein lines (in marble or fingerprint)/grain (in wood etc)
        lǐxiǎnghuà, to idealize
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        wēichǔlǐqì, [微處理器], microprocessor
        hélǐhuà, to rationalize/to make compatible/to streamline/rationalization
        zìlǐ, to take care of oneself/to provide for oneself
        
        Lǐxué/lǐxué, [理學], School of Principle/Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School (from Song to mid-Qing ti...
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        lúnlǐxué, [倫理學], ethics
        liánlǐ, [連理], two trees that grow together as one/fig. conjugal union
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        zhìlǐmíngyán, wise saying/words of wisdom
        
        dìlǐxué, [地理學], geography
        zhàolǐ, according to reason/usually/in the normal course of events/to attend to
        qiǎngcíduólǐ, [強詞奪理], to twist words and force logic (idiom)/sophistry/loud rhetoric making up for fal...
        lǐlùnjiā, [理論家], theorist/theoretician
        wāilǐ, fallacious reasoning/preposterous argument
        jùlǐlìzhēng, [據理力爭], to contend on strong grounds/to argue strongly for what is right
        lǐshìzhǎng, [理事長], director general
        
        dúlǐxué, [毒理學], toxicology
        shāngtiānhàilǐ, [傷天害理], to offend Heaven and reason (idiom); bloody atrocities that cry to heaven/outrag...
        gōnglǐ, axiom (in logic)/axiomatic
        yàolǐ, [藥理], pharmacology
        yàolǐxué, [藥理學], pharmacology
        nìfǎnxīnlǐ, reverse psychology
        
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        pínglǐ, [評理], to judge between right and wrong/to reason things out
        
        jīlǐ, [機理], mechanism
        yǒulǐ, reasonable/justified/right/(math.) rational
        lǐdāng, [理當], should/ought
        lǐjiělì, ability to grasp ideas/understanding
        mánbùjiǎnglǐ, [蠻不講理], completely unreasonable
        ànlǐ, according to reason/in the ordinary course of events/normally
        màntiáosīlǐ, [慢條斯理], unhurried/calm/composed/leisurely
        
        
        
        
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        héwùlǐ, nuclear physics
        tiáolǐ, [調理], to nurse one's health/to recuperate/to take care of/to look after/to discipline/...
        
        Lǐxiǎngguó/lǐxiǎngguó, [理想國], Plato's "The Republic" (c. 380 BC), ideal state/utopia
        
        ĀnLǐhuì, [安理會], (United Nations) Security Council
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        gōugǔdìnglǐ, Pythagorean theorem
        
        
        
        
        lǐgōng, science and engineering as academic subjects
        mínglǐ, sensible/reasonable/an obvious reason, truth or fact/to understand the reason or...
        lùnlǐ, [論理], normally/as things should be/by rights/to reason things out/logic
        
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        shuōlǐ, [說理], to reason/to argue logically
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        dāli, to acknowledge/to respond/to answer/to pay attention/to heed/to deal with
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        fǎlǐ, legal principle/jurisprudence
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        guǎnlǐxué, [管理學], management studies
        
        
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        yǒutiáoyǒulǐ, [有條有理], everything clear and orderly (idiom); neat and tidy
        
        
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        yǒulǐshù, [有理數], rational number (i.e. fraction of two integers, math.)
        
        
        lǐzhíqìzhuàng, [理直氣壯], in the right and self-confident (idiom); bold and confident with justice on one'...
        wúlǐshù, [無理數], irrational number
        
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        yīlǐ, [醫理], medical knowledge/principles of medical science
        
        
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        wùlǐliáofǎ, [物理療法], physiotherapy/physical therapy
        
        
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        shùlǐ, [數理], mathematical sciences
        
        
        
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        rèchǔlǐ, [熱處理], hot treatment (e.g. of metal)
        
        xiélǐ, [協理], assistant manager/to cooperate in managing
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        yuèlǐ, [樂理], music theory
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        lǐkuī, [理虧], in the wrong
        
        
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        Dàlǐ/dàlǐ, Dali Bai autonomous prefecture 大理白族自治州 in Yunnan, judicial officer/justice of th...
        
        
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        guǎnlǐzhàn, management station
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        Lǐchásēn, Richardson (name)
        
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        wénlǐ, arts and sciences
        
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        jīlǐ, texture (of skin, surface etc)
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        shūlǐ, to clarify (disparate material into a coherent narrative)/to marshal an argument
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        wùlǐhuàxué, [物理化學], physical chemistry
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        àilǐbùlǐ, [愛理不理], to look cold and indifferent/standoffish
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        lǐhuà, physical and chemical
        
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        Tónglǐ/tónglǐ, Tongli, a city in Jiangsu Province, China, for the same reason
        
        
        
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        tǎolùn, [討論], to discuss/to talk over/CL:個|个[gè]
        wúlùn, [無論], no matter what or how/regardless of whether...
        tánlùn, [談論], to discuss/to talk about
        lǐlùn, [理論], theory/CL:個|个[gè]/to argue/to take notice of
        wúlùnrúhé, [無論如何], whatever the case/in any event/no matter what/by all possible means
        bùlùn, [不論], whatever/no matter what (who, how etc)/regardless of/not to discuss
        pínglùn, [評論], to comment on/to discuss/comment/commentary/CL:篇[piān]
        jiélùn, [結論], conclusion/verdict/CL:個|个[gè]/to conclude/to reach a verdict
        lùnwén, [論文], paper/treatise/thesis/CL:篇[piān]/to discuss a paper or thesis (old)
        zhēnglùn, [爭論], to argue/to debate/to contend/argument/contention/controversy/debate/CL:次[cì],場|...
        
        biànlùn, [辯論], debate/argument/to argue over/CL:場|场[chǎng],次[cì]
        Lún/lùn, [論], abbr. for 論語|论语[Lún yǔ], The Analects (of Confucius), opinion/view/theory/doctri...
        yánlùn, [言論], expression of opinion/views/remarks/arguments
        yìlùn, [議論], to comment/to talk about/to discuss/discussion/CL:個|个[gè]
        dìnglùn, [定論], final conclusion/accepted argument
        
        lùntán, [論壇], forum (for discussion)
        tuīlùn, [推論], to infer/inference/corollary/reasoned conclusion
        xiāngtíbìnglùn, [相提並論], to discuss two disparate things together (idiom); to mention on equal terms/to p...
        pínglùnjiā, [評論家], critic/reviewer
        yúlùn, [輿論], public opinion
        lùndiǎn, [論點], argument/line of reasoning/thesis/point (of discussion)
        
        wúshénlùn, [無神論], atheism
        
        
        tǎolùnhuì, [討論會], symposium/discussion forum
        lùnjù, [論據], grounds (for an argument)/contention/thesis
        lìngdāngbiélùn, [另當別論], to treat differently/another cup of tea
        píngtóulùnzú, [評頭論足], lit. to assess the head and discuss the feet (idiom); minute criticism of a woma...
        miùlùn, [謬論], misconception/fallacy
        lùnzhèng, [論證], to prove a point/to expound on/to demonstrate or prove (through argument)/proof
        jìnhuàlùn, [進化論], Darwin's theory of evolution
        shèlùn, [社論], editorial (in a newspaper)/CL:篇[piān]
        pǐntóulùnzú, [品頭論足], lit. to assess the head and discuss the feet (idiom); minute criticism of a woma...
        lùnduàn, [論斷], to infer/to judge/inference/judgment/conclusion
        jiùshìlùnshì, [就事論事], to discuss sth on its own merits/to judge the matter as it stands
        
        yìlùnfēnfēn, [議論紛紛], to discuss spiritedly (idiom)/tongues are wagging
        lùndiào, [論調], argument/view (sometimes derogatory)
        bóyìlùn, [博弈論], game theory
        xiāngduìlùn, [相對論], theory of relativity
        bèilùn, [悖論], paradox (logic)
        gāotánkuòlùn, [高談闊論], to harangue/loud arrogant talk/to spout
        lǐlùnjiā, [理論家], theorist/theoretician
        lùntí, [論題], topic
        lùnshù, [論述], treatise/discourse/exposition
        
        
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        jíhélùn, [集合論], set theory (math.)
        píngxīnérlùn, [平心而論], to be honest, ...
        
        shùlùn, [數論], number theory (math.)
        lùnzhàn, [論戰], to debate/to contend/polemics
        lùnlǐ, [論理], normally/as things should be/by rights/to reason things out/logic
        
        liàngzǐlùn, [量子論], quantum theory (physics)
        zhènglùn, [政論], political commentary
        lùnjí, [論及], to make reference to/to write about
        yīgàiérlùn, [一概而論], to lump different matters together (idiom)
        gāolùn, [高論], enlightening remarks (honorific)/brilliant views
        
        kòngzhìlùn, [控制論], control theory (math.)/cybernetics
        gōnglùn, [公論], public opinion
        juédìnglùn, [決定論], determinism
        fāngfǎlùn, [方法論], methodology/Discours de la méthode by René Descartes 笛卡兒|笛卡儿[Dí kǎ ér], 1637
宿         sùmìnglùn, [宿命論], fatalism/fatalistic
        sānduànlùn, [三段論], syllogism (deduction in logic)
        
        lùnzhēng, [論爭], argument/debate/controversy
        
        lùnzhù, [論著], treatise/study
        
        dǎolùn, [導論], introduction
        
        
        Zīběnlùn, [資本論], Das Kapital (1867) by Karl Marx 卡爾·馬克思|卡尔·马克思[Kǎ ěr · Mǎ kè sī]
        běntǐlùn, [本體論], ontology
        rènshilùn, [認識論], epistemology (in philosophy, the theory of how we know things)
        
        gàiguānlùndìng, [蓋棺論定], don't pass judgment on a person's life until the lid is on the coffin (idiom)
        Lúnyǔ, [論語], The Analects of Confucius 孔子[Kǒng zǐ]
        
        gàilùn, [概論], outline/introduction/survey/general discussion
        
        wéixīnlùn, [唯心論], philosophy of idealism, the doctrine that external reality is a product of consc...
        lìlùn, [立論], proposition/argument
        gàilǜlùn, [概率論], probability (math.)
        liàngzǐchǎnglùn, [量子場論], quantum field theory
        
        zhēnglùndiǎn, [爭論點], contention
        
        
        qítánguàilùn, [奇談怪論], strange tales and absurd arguments (idiom)/unreasonable remarks
        yǒushénlùn, [有神論], theism (the belief in the existence of God)
        
        jiǎnglùn, [講論], to discuss
        
        
        duōyuánlùn, [多元論], pluralism, philosophical doctrine that the universe consists of different substa...
        

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