HSK东西 Scripts Advanced Search Radicals [collapse definitions]
Word: freq index 49385
shàngděngbīng private first class (army rank)

Character Composition

Character Compounds

Word Compounds


        shǎng/shàng, see 上聲|上声[shǎng shēng], on top/upon/above/upper/previous/first (of multiple part...
        Shàngdì, God
        mǎshàng, [馬上], at once/right away/immediately/on horseback (i.e. by military force)
        wǎnshang, evening/night/CL:個|个[gè]/in the evening
        shēnshang, on the body/at hand/among
        kànshangqu, it would appear/it seems (that)
        shìshíshàng, [事實上], in fact/in reality/actually/as a matter of fact/de facto/ipso facto
        shàngmiàn, on top of/above-mentioned/also pr. [shàng mian]
        zǎoshang, early morning/CL:個|个[gè]
        shíjìshàng, [實際上], in fact/in reality/as a matter of fact/in practice
        lùshang, on the road/on a journey/road surface
        shàngbān, to go to work/to be on duty/to start work/to go to the office
        shàngqù, to go up
        shàngcì, last time
        
        àishàng, [愛上], to fall in love with/to be in love with
        shàngzhōu, last week
        
        dìshang, on the ground/on the floor
        shàngxiào, high ranking officer in Chinese army/colonel
        jiēshang, on the street/in town
        jiāshàng, plus/to put in/to add/to add on/to add into/in addition/on top of that
        
        shàngxué, [上學], to go to school/to attend school
        shàngwèi, captain (military rank)
        shìshàng, on earth
        
        wǎngshàng, [網上], online
        lóushàng, [樓上], upstairs
        táishàng, [臺上], on stage
        shàngkè, [上課], to go to class/to attend class/to go to teach a class
        
        guānshàng, [關上], to close (a door)/to turn off (light, electrical equipment etc)
        
        gǎnshàng, [趕上], to keep up with/to catch up with/to overtake/to chance upon/in time for
        shàngsi, boss/superior
        shàngchǎng, [上場], on stage/to go on stage/to take the field
        shàngwǔ, morning/CL:個|个[gè]
        
        shàngchē, [上車], to get on or into (a bus, train, car etc)
        yǐshàng, that level or higher/that amount or more/the above-mentioned/(used to indicate t...
        shànglái, [上來], to come up/to approach/(verb complement indicating success)
        
        shàngtái, to rise to power (in politics)/to go on stage (in the theater)
        shàngshēng, [上昇], to rise/to go up/to ascend
        tiānshàng, celestial/heavenly
        shàngmén, [上門], to drop in/to visit/to lock a door/(of a shop) to close/to go and live with one'...
        jīběnshang, basically/on the whole
        shàngyǎn, to screen (a movie)/to stage (a play)/a screening/a staging
        shàngyī, jacket/upper outer garment/CL:件[jiàn]
        Shānshàng, Shanshang township in Tainan county 台南縣|台南县[Tái nán xiàn], Taiwan
        chéngqiānshàngwàn, [成千上萬], lit. by the thousands and tens of thousands (idiom); untold numbers/innumerable/...
        pèngshàng, to run into/to come upon/to meet
        shàngwǎng, [上網], to go online/to connect to the Internet/(of a document etc) to be uploaded to th...
        zhīshàng, above
        shàngyǐn, [上癮], to get into a habit/to become addicted
        shàngsù, [上訴], to appeal (a judicial case)/appeal
        hǎishàng, maritime
        
        shànglù, to start on a journey/to be on one's way
        shàngjí, [上級], higher authorities/superiors/CL:個|个[gè]
        shànggèyuè, [上個月], last month
        
        shànggōu, [上鉤], to take the bait
        shànglóu, [上樓], to go upstairs
        shàngxià, up and down/top and bottom/old and new/length/about
        shènshàngxiàn, [腎上腺], adrenal glands
        
        
        shàngxīngqī, last week/previous week
        
        shàngtóu/shàngtou, [上頭], (of alcohol) to go to one's head/(old) (of a bride-to-be) to bind one's hair int...
        
        
        shàngjiàng, [上將], general/admiral/air chief marshal
        shàngkōng, overhead/in the sky
        Shuǐshàng/shuǐshàng, Shuishang township in Chiayi county 嘉義縣|嘉义县[Jiā yì xiàn], west Taiwan, on water/...
        shàngshēn, upper part of the body
        
        
        bǐbùshàng, can't compare with
        
        
        xiàngshàng, upward/up/to advance/to try to improve oneself/to make progress
        Shànghǎi, Shanghai municipality, central east China, abbr. to 滬|沪[Hù]
        shàngbào, [上報], to report to one's superiors/to appear in the news/to reply to a letter
        
        shàngdàng, [上當], taken in (by sb's deceit)/to be fooled/to be duped
        
        shàngyìng, to show (a movie)/to screen
        shàngtiān, Heaven/Providence/God/the day before/the sky above/to fly to the sky/to take off...
        shàngcéng, [上層], upper layer
        shàngdiào, to hang oneself
        shànghǎo, first-rate/top-notch
        shàngshì, to hit the market (of a new product)/to float (a company on the stock market)
        zhǎoshàngmén, [找上門], to come to sb's door/to call on sb
        shàngjiē, to go onto the streets/to go shopping
        shàngbian, [上邊], the top/above/overhead/upwards/the top margin/above-mentioned/those higher up
        shàngděng, highest quality/top-notch
        zhìshàng, supreme/paramount/above all else
        shàngliú, upper class
        shàngqián, to advance/to step forward
        shàngrèn, to take office/previous (incumbent)/predecessor
        chéngbǎishàngqiān, hundreds/a large number/lit. by the hundreds and thousands
        gēnbushàng, not able to keep up with
        shàngjiāo, to hand over to/to give to higher authority/to seek connections in high places
        gāogāozàishàng, set up on high (idiom); not in touch with reality/aloof and remote
        shàngshān, to go uphill/to spin cocoon (silkworms)/to pass away
        shàngzhèn, [上陣], to go into battle
        kànshàng, to look upon/to take a fancy to/to fall for
        shàngyóu, upper reaches (of a river)/upper level/upper echelon/upstream
        rǎnshàng, to catch (a disease)/to get (a bad habit)
        huángshang, the emperor/Your majesty the emperor/His imperial majesty
        shàngzhǎng, [上漲], to rise/to go up
        shàngfēng, [上風], on the up/currently winning/rising (in popularity etc)
        chēngdeshàng, [稱得上], can be counted as
        
        shàngcāng, [上蒼], heaven
        shàngshǒu, to obtain/to master/overhand (serve etc)/seat of honor
        ànshàng, ashore/on the riverbank
        dēngshàng, to climb over/to ascend onto/to mount
        shàngshù, aforementioned/above-mentioned
        shàngàn, to go ashore/to climb ashore
        zhìgāowúshàng, [至高無上], supreme/paramount/unsurpassed
        xuěshàngjiāshuāng, to add hail to snow (idiom); one disaster on top of another/to make things worse...
        běishàng, to go up north
        shàngwàn, [上萬], over ten thousand/fig. untold numbers/innumerable/thousands upon thousands
        xīnshàngrén, sweetheart/one's beloved
        kǎoshàng, to pass a university entrance exam
        
        dàtǐshàng, [大體上], overall/in general terms
        
        huǒshàngjiāoyóu, [火上澆油], to pour oil on the fire (idiom); fig. to aggravate a situation/to enrage people ...
        shàngxiàn, upper bound
        
        gèngshàngyīcénglóu, [更上一層樓], to take it up a notch/to bring it up a level
        shàngmǎ, [上馬], to get on a horse/to mount
        shàngxīn, carefully/meticulously/to set one's heart on sth
        bǎnshàngdìngdīng, [板上釘釘], that clinches it/that's final/no two ways about it
        
        shànggǎng, [上崗], to take up one's post/to be given a job
        
        zhànshàngfēng, [佔上風], to take the lead/to gain the upper hand
        
亿         
        shàngfú, to float up
        
        bùxiāngshàngxià, equally matched/about the same
        
        jǐnshàngtiānhuā, [錦上添花], lit. on brocade, add flowers (idiom); to decorate sth already perfect/gilding th...
        Jǐngshàng, Inoue (Japanese surname, pr. "ee-no-oo-ay")
        shàngjìn, [上進], to make progress/to do better/fig. ambitious to improve oneself/to move forwards
        shàngsè/shàngshǎi, top-quality/top-grade, to color (a picture etc)/to dye (fabric etc)/to stain (fu...
        
        shàngyuè, last month
        
        shàngxiàbān, to start and finish work
        
        Shàngyě, Ueno, district in Taitō Ward, Tokyo/Ueno (Japanese surname)
        fùshàng, attached/included herewith
        wúshàng, [無上], supreme
        lùshàng, [陸上], land-based/on land
        
        shàngxíng, (of trains) up (i.e. towards the capital)/(of river boats) to go against the cur...
        shànghuí, last time/the previous time
        shàngbānzú, office workers (as social group)
        shàngzhuāng, [上裝], upper garment
        zhēngzhēngrìshàng, becoming more prosperous with each passing day
        shàngbèizi, [上輩子], one's ancestors/past generations/a former incarnation
        dǐngtóushàngsi, [頂頭上司], one's immediate superior
        
        shàngkǒu, to be able to read aloud fluently/to be suitable (easy enough) for reading aloud
        tánbushàng, [談不上], to be out of the question
        shàngpō, uphill/upslope/to move upwards/to climb a slope
        shàngjiā, excellent/outstanding/great
        shàngxiàng, photogenic/(old) high official
        zhǐshàngtánbīng, [紙上談兵], lit. military tactics on paper (idiom)/fig. theoretical discussion that is worse...
        
        shàngbù, upper section
        
        shàngchéng, first-class/best quality/also pr. [shàng shèng]
        shàngjiǎo, [上繳], to transfer (income, profits etc) to higher authorities
        lǎnglǎngshàngkǒu, to flow right off the tongue (of lyrics or poetry)/to recite with ease/catchy (o...
        shàngxiàwén, (textual) context
        shàngzhī, upper limb
        
        
        yíngtóugǎnshàng, [迎頭趕上], to try hard to catch up
        shànghuǒ, to get angry/to suffer from excessive internal heat (TCM)
        tàshàng, to set foot on/to step on or into
        shàngyáng, [上揚], to rise (i.e. number increases)/a price rise/to raise
        zhǎngshàngmíngzhū, lit. a pearl in the palm (idiom)/fig. beloved person (esp. daughter)
        shàngjìnxīn, [上進心], motivation/ambition
        shàngtiáo, [上調], to raise (prices)/to adjust upwards
        Shàngyìyuàn, [上議院], Upper Chamber/Upper House/Senate
        
        
        gēnshàng, to catch up with/to keep pace with
        
        shànggōng, to go to work/to start work
        
        shàngnián, last year
        
        
        zuǒshàng, upper left
        hòuláijūshàng, [後來居上], lit. late-comer lives above (idiom); the up-and-coming youngster outstrips the o...
        
        shàngwén, preceding part of the text
        nánshàngjiānán, [難上加難], extremely difficult/even more difficult
        
        fǔshàng, (polite) your home/residence
        
        shànghé, [上頜], maxilla (upper jaw)
        shàngwèi, seat of honor/person in a high-ranking position/to be promoted to a more senior ...
        
        fànshàng, to offend one's superiors
        
        
        
        shàngfáng, see 正房[zhèng fáng]
        
        zōngshàngsuǒshù, [綜上所述], to summarize/a round-up/in summary ...
        
        jǔguóshàngxià, [舉國上下], the entire nation/the whole country, from the leadership to the rank and file
        
        
        shuǐshàngfēijī, [水上飛機], seaplane
        
        
        fúyáozhíshàng, [扶搖直上], to skyrocket/to get quick promotion in one's career
        huǒshàngjiāyóu, to add oil to the fire (idiom); fig. to aggravate a situation/to enrage people a...
        zǒumǎshàngrèn, [走馬上任], to ride to take up an official appointment (idiom); to take on a job with alacri...
        
        
        
        
        shàngjiā, preceding player (in a game)
        shàngpǐn, top-quality
        shàngfén, [上墳], to visit a grave
        
        Cūnshàng, Murakami (Japanese surname)
        
        
        
        shàngshū, [上書], to write a letter (to the authorities)/to present a petition
        shàngpōlù, uphill road/slope up/fig. upward trend/progress
        shuōbushàng, [說不上], to be unable to say or tell/to not be worth mentioning
亿         
        xíngérshàngxué, [形而上學], metaphysics
        
        
        zìshàngérxià, top-down
        shènxiāochénshàng, [甚囂塵上], clamor raises the dust (idiom); a tremendous clamor/to raise a tremendous stink
        
        yīyōngérshàng, [一擁而上], to swarm around/flocking (to see)
        
        
        shèngshàng, [聖上], courtier's or minister's form of address for the current Emperor
        
        shàngděngbīng, private first class (army rank)
        shàngliángbùzhèngxiàliángwāi, lit. If the upper beam is not straight, the lower beam will be crooked (idiom); ...
        
        qīngyúnzhíshàng, [青雲直上], rising straight up in a clear sky (idiom); rapid promotion to a high post/meteor...
线         shànggāngshàngxiàn, [上綱上線], to criticize (as a matter of principle)
        Shànggāo, Shanggao county in Yichun 宜春, Jiangxi
        
        
        
        yuèránzhǐshàng, [躍然紙上], to appear vividly on paper (idiom); to show forth vividly (in writing, painting ...
        
        
        
        xīnguānshàngrènsānbǎhuǒ, (of a newly appointed official) to make bold changes on assuming office (idiom)
        zuòshàngkè, guest of honor
        
        chìbóshàngzhèn, [赤膊上陣], lit. to go into battle bare-breasted (idiom)/fig. to go all out/to come out in t...
        
        
        
        
        
        
        shàngcéngjiànzhù, [上層建築], superstructure
        
        bīshàngliángshān, driven to join the Liangshan Mountain rebels/to drive to revolt/to force sb to d...
        
        
        
        shàngshǒu, seat of honor/first place
        
        shàngzuò, seat of honor
        
        kuàshàng, to mount (a horse, bike, flight of stairs, rickshaw etc)
        Shàngshuǐ/shàngshuǐ, Sheung Shui (area in Hong Kong), upper reaches (of a river)/to go upstream/to ad...
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
亿         
        
        
亿         
访         shàngfǎng, [上訪], to seek an audience with higher-ups (esp. government officials) to petition for ...
        shàngdá, [上達], to reach the higher authorities
亿         
        shǎngshēng, [上聲], falling and rising tone/third tone in modern Mandarin
        shànggǔ, the distant past/ancient times/antiquity/early historical times
        shànggòng, to make offerings (to gods or ancestors)/to offer gifts to superiors in order to...
        shàngsuàn, to be worthwhile/to be worth it
        
        
        
        
        shàngxián, to wind/to tighten/crescent moon/first quarter or waxing moon
        tóngshàng, as above/ditto/idem
        shàngbànnián, first half (of a year)
        zìxiàérshàng, bottom-up
亿         
        
        
        
        
        
        shàngguǎnzi, [上館子], to eat out/to eat at a restaurant
        
        shàngbànyè, [上半葉], the first half (of a period)
        
        
        
        
亿         
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        Shàngguān/shàngguān, two-character surname Shangguan, high-ranking official/superior
        shàngfēng, peak/summit/(old) higher authorities/superiors
        shàngbànyè, first half of the night/time before midnight
        
        shàngdài, previous generation
        
        fànbushàng, see 犯不著|犯不着[fàn bu zháo]
        Shàngtián, Ueda (Japanese surname and place name)
        shàngkuǎn, addressee/name of recipient on painting or scroll
        
        
        shàngxún, first third of a month
        Shànglín, Shanglin county in Nanning 南寧|南宁[Nán níng], Guangxi
        Shàngháng, Shanghang county level city in Longyan 龍岩|龙岩, Fujian
        
        
        
        
        
亿         
        
        
        
        Tàishànghuáng, Taishang Huang/Retired Emperor/father of the reigning emperor/fig. puppet master
        
        
        liángshàngjūnzǐ, lit. the gentleman on the roof beam/fig. a thief
        Shàngchéngqū, [上城區], Shangcheng district of Hangzhou city 杭州市[Háng zhōu shì], Zhejiang
        
        

        děng, class/rank/grade/equal to/same as/to wait for/to await/et cetera/and so on/et al...
        děngděng, et cetera/and so on .../wait a minute!/hold on!
        děngdài, to wait/to wait for
        děngyú, [等於], to equal/to be tantamount to
        děnghòu, to wait/to wait for
        děngdào, to wait until/by the time when (sth is ready etc)
        píngděng, equal/equality
        jiǔděng, to wait for a long time
        děngjí, [等級], grade/rank/status
        tóuděngcāng, [頭等艙], 1st class cabin
        shàngděng, highest quality/top-notch
        zhōngděng, medium
        tóuděng, [頭等], first class/prime/main
        tóngděng, equal to/having the same social class or status
        
        èrděng, second class/second-rate
        gāoděng, high-level/higher (animals, education etc)/advanced (math etc)
        
        yīděng, first class/grade A
        děngtóng, to equate/equal to
        héděng, what kind?/how, what/somewhat
        gāorényīděng, a cut above others/superior
        
        gāoděngjiàoyù, higher education
        
        
        
        jūnděng, equal/impartial/fair
        xiāngděng, equal/equally/equivalent
        yōuděng, [優等], first-rate/of the highest order/high-class/excellent/superior
        bùděng, unequal/varied
        yīděngjiǎng, [一等獎], first prize
        nánnǚpíngděng, equality of the sexes
        
        děngwèi, (physics) equipotential
        dīděng, inferior
        děngshì, an equality/an equation
        děnglízǐtǐ, [等離子體], plasma (physics)
        
        
        jiǎděng, grade A/first-class
        tèděng, special grade/top quality
        děngxiánzhībèi, [等閒之輩], (in the negative) (not) to be trifled with
        děngjià, [等價], equal/equal in value/equivalent
        
        děngzhí, of equal value
        
        cìděng, second class/second rate
        duìděng, [對等], equal status/equal treatment/parity (under the law)/equity/reciprocity
        shàngděngbīng, private first class (army rank)
        
        
        děngxián, [等閒], ordinary/common/unimportant/idly/for no reason
        děngfēn, division into equal parts/equipartition
        
        chūděngjiàoyù, primary education/junior school education
        
        
        děnghào, [等號], (math.) equals sign =
        chūděng, elementary (i.e. easy)
        píngděnghùlì, mutual benefit/to share profits equitably
        
        héngděngshì, [恆等式], identity (math.)
        děngchā, degree of disparity/equal difference
        xīngděng, magnitude of a star
        
线         
        gāoděngxuéxiào, [高等學校], colleges and universities
        
        děngjù, equidistant
        
        
        děngbǐjíshù, [等比級數], geometric series (such as 1+2+4+8+...)
        
        
        

        shìbīng, soldier/CL:個|个[gè]
        bīng, soldiers/a force/an army/weapons/arms/military/warlike/CL:個|个[gè]
        lǎobīng, veteran
        qíbīng, [騎兵], cavalry
        
        dāngbīng, [當兵], to serve in the army/to be a soldier
        xīnbīng, new (army) recruit
        wèibīng, [衛兵], guard/bodyguard
        bùbīng, infantry/foot/infantryman/foot soldier
        táobīng, army deserter
        mínbīng, people's militia/militia/militiaman
        bīngtuán, [兵團], large military unit/formation/corps/army
        
        bīnglì, military strength/armed forces/troops
        bīngyíng, [兵營], military camp/barracks
        zhēngbīng, [徵兵], to levy troops/recruitment
        bīngyì, military service
        xiànbīng, [憲兵], military police
        shuǐbīng, enlisted sailor in navy
        zhēnchábīng, [偵察兵], a scout/spy
        bīngqì, weaponry/weapons/arms
        fúbīngyì, to serve in the army
        sǎnbīng, [傘兵], paratrooper
        tèzhǒngbīng, [特種兵], commando/special forces soldier
        pàobīng, artillery soldier/gunner
        shàobīng, sentinel
        qíbīng, troops appearing suddenly (in a raid or ambush)
        yuánbīng, reinforcement
        lièbīng, private (army)
        
        
        ànbīngbùdòng, [按兵不動], to hold back one's troops without moving (idiom); to bide one's time
        
        bīngmǎyǒng, [兵馬俑], figurines of warriors and horses buried with the dead/Terracotta Army (historic ...
        bīngbiàn, [兵變], mutiny/(Tw) to be dumped by one's girlfriend while serving in the army
        bīngfǎ, art of war/military strategy and tactics
        
        
        zhǐshàngtánbīng, [紙上談兵], lit. military tactics on paper (idiom)/fig. theoretical discussion that is worse...
        guānbīng, officers and men
        zhìyuànbīng, [志願兵], volunteer soldier/CL:名[míng]
        yuèbīng, [閱兵], to review troops/military parade
        
        
        gōngbīng, military engineer
        
        sǎnbīng, loose and disorganized soldiers/stragglers/fig. a loner
        pàibīng, to dispatch troops
        chūbīng, to send troops
        bīnggōngchǎng, [兵工廠], munitions factory
        
        jīngbīng, elite troops
        zhòngbīng, massive military force
        fúbīng, hidden troops/ambush
        Xiànbīngduì, [憲兵隊], the Kempeitai or Japanese Military Police 1881-1945 (Japanese counterpart of the...
        dàibīng, [帶兵], to lead troops
        zhāobīngmǎimǎ, [招兵買馬], to recruit soldiers and buy horses (idiom); to raise a large army/fig. to expand...
        kōngjiàngbīng, paratroopers
退         
        duǎnbīngxiāngjiē, lit. short-weaponed soldiery fight one another (idiom); fierce hand-to-hand infa...
        
        qínwùbīng, [勤務兵], army orderly
        yuèbīngshì, [閱兵式], military parade
退         
        sǎnbīngyóuyǒng, [散兵遊勇], lit. straggling and disbanded soldiers (idiom); fig. disorganized uncoordinated ...
        biāobīng, [標兵], parade guards (usually spaced out along parade routes)/example/model/pacesetter
        
        bīngmǎ, [兵馬], troops and horses/military forces
        
        zēngbīng, to reinforce/to increase troop numbers/reinforcements/extra troops
        chèbīng, to withdraw troops/to retreat
        cánbīngbàijiàng, [殘兵敗將], ruined army, defeated general (idiom); scattered remnants
        bīngróngxiāngjiàn, [兵戎相見], to meet on the battlefield (idiom)
        zhāobīng, to recruit soldiers
        
        bīngyuán, [兵員], soldiers/troops
        
        shàngděngbīng, private first class (army rank)
        
        tiānbīng, celestial soldier/(old) imperial troops/(Tw, jocular) clumsy army recruit/(more ...
        
        
        xiānlǐhòubīng, [先禮後兵], peaceful measures before using force (idiom); diplomacy before violence/jaw-jaw ...
        Qīngbīng, Qing troops/Manchu soldiers
        bīnghuāngmǎluàn, [兵荒馬亂], soldiers munity and troops rebel (idiom); turmoil and chaos of war
        bīngquán, [兵權], military leadership/military power
        
        
        
        bīngshì, ordinary soldier
        jiāobīngbìbài, [驕兵必敗], lit. an arrogant army is bound to lose (idiom)/fig. pride goes before a fall
        
        
        
        diàobīngqiǎnjiàng, [調兵遣將], to move an army and send a general (idiom); to deploy an army/to send a team on ...
        
        chénbīng, [陳兵], to deploy troops/to mass troops
        bīngchuán, man-of-war/naval vessel/warship
        
        Bīngjiā/bīngjiā, the School of the Military, one of the Hundred Schools of Thought 諸子百家|诸子百家[zhū ...
        bīngyuán, manpower resources (for military service)/sources of troops
        
        Hóngwèibīng, [紅衛兵], Red Guards (Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976)
        
        bīnglínchéngxià, [兵臨城下], soldiers at the city walls (idiom); fig. at a critical juncture
        shōubīng, to retreat/to withdraw troops/to recall troops/fig. to finish work/to wind up/to...
        
        
        
        bīngqiángmǎzhuàng, [兵強馬壯], lit. strong soldiers and sturdy horses (idiom)/fig. a well-trained and powerful ...
        
        
        
        
线         
        
        bānbīng, to call for reinforcements/to bring in troops
        
        
        
        páitóubīng, [排頭兵], lit. frontline troops/leader/trailblazer/pacesetter
        
        
        
        liànbīng, [練兵], to drill troops/army training
        bīngzú, soldiers/troops
        bīngróng, arms/weapons
        bīngzhǒng, [兵種], (military) branch of the armed forces
        
        Bīngkùxiàn, [兵庫縣], Hyōgo prefecture in the midwest of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Běn zhōu]
        
        
        
        
        
        

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