化 ⇒
变化 biànhuà, [變化], change/variation/to change/to vary/CL:個|个[gè]
化 huā/huà, variant of 花[huā], to make into/to change into/-ization/to ... -ize/to transform...
文化 wénhuà, culture/civilization/cultural/CL:個|个[gè],種|种[zhǒng]
化学 huàxué, [化學], chemistry/chemical
化妆 huàzhuāng, [化妝], to put on makeup
恶化 èhuà, [惡化], to worsen
进化 jìnhuà, [進化], evolution/CL:個|个[gè]
化妆品 huàzhuāngpǐn, [化妝品], cosmetic/makeup product
融化 rónghuà, to melt/to thaw/to dissolve/to blend into/to combine/to fuse
生化 shēnghuà, biochemistry
化验 huàyàn, [化驗], chemical examination/to do a lab test
化疗 huàliáo, [化療], chemotherapy
消化 xiāohuà, to digest/digestion/digestive
净化 jìnghuà, [淨化], to purify
情绪化 qíngxùhuà, [情緒化], emotional/sentimental
化身 huàshēn, incarnation/reincarnation/embodiment (of abstract idea)/personification
化合物 huàhéwù, chemical compound
化名 huàmíng, to use an alias/assumed name/pseudonym
火化 huǒhuà, to cremate/to incinerate
化装 huàzhuāng, [化裝], (of actors) to make up/to disguise oneself
硬化 yìnghuà, to harden/hardening/sclerosis/fig. to become rigid or inflexible in opinions/to ...
氧化 yǎnghuà, to oxidize
二氧化碳 èryǎnghuàtàn, carbon dioxide CÓ
转化 zhuǎnhuà, [轉化], to change/to transform/isomerization (chemistry)
光天化日 guāngtiānhuàrì, the full light of day (idiom)/fig. peace and prosperity/in broad daylight
化学反应 huàxuéfǎnyìng, [化學反應], chemical reaction
退化 tuìhuà, to degenerate/atrophy
强化 qiánghuà, [強化], to strengthen/to intensify
催化剂 cuīhuàjì, [催化劑], catalyst
化为 熔化 rónghuà, to melt (of ice, metals etc)
一氧化碳 yīyǎnghuàtàn, carbon monoxide CO
孵化 fūhuà, breeding/to incubate/innovation (esp. in commerce and marketing)
氰化 合法化 héfǎhuà, to legalize/to make legal/legalization
化学品 huàxuépǐn, [化學品], chemicals
老化 lǎohuà, to age (of person or object)/becoming old
美化 měihuà, to make more beautiful/to decorate/embellishment
化解 huàjiě, to dissolve/to resolve (contradictions)/to dispel (doubts)/to iron out (difficul...
简化 jiǎnhuà, [簡化], to simplify
化妆师 白热化 báirèhuà, [白熱化], to turn white-hot/to intensify/to reach a climax
化石 huàshí, fossil
硝化 化学家 huàxuéjiā, [化學家], chemist
同化 tónghuà, assimilation (cultural, digestive, phonemic etc)
现代化 xiàndàihuà, [現代化], modernization/CL:個|个[gè]
化学武器 huàxuéwǔqì, [化學武器], chemical weapon
腐化 fǔhuà, to rot/to decay/to become corrupt
多样化 duōyànghuà, [多樣化], diversification/to diversify
溶化 rónghuà, to melt/to dissolve (of sugar etc)
软化 ruǎnhuà, [軟化], to soften
初始化 chūshǐhuà, (computing) to initialize/initialization
机械化 jīxièhuà, [機械化], to mechanize
商业化 shāngyèhuà, [商業化], to commercialize
分化 fēnhuà, to split apart/differentiation
女性化 nǚxìnghuà, to feminize/feminization
石化 shíhuà, to petrify/petrochemical industry
简单化 jiǎndānhuà, [簡單化], simplification/to simplify
氢氧化钠 qīngyǎnghuànà, [氫氧化鈉], caustic soda/sodium hydroxide NaOH
化工厂 huàgōngchǎng, [化工廠], chemical factory
焚化炉 感化 gǎnhuà, corrective influence/to reform (a criminal)/redemption (of a sinner)/to influenc...
全球化 quánqiúhuà, globalization
进化论 jìnhuàlùn, [進化論], Darwin's theory of evolution
化为灰烬 化工 huàgōng, chemical industry, abbr. of 化學工業|化学工业[huà xué gōng yè]/chemical engineering, abb...
化作 huàzuò, to change into/to turn into/to become
数字化 shùzìhuà, [數字化], to digitalize/digital
化学药品 男性化 nánxìnghuà, to masculinize/masculinization
液化 yèhuà, to liquefy
防化 顽固不化 汽化器 qìhuàqì, carburetor/vaporizer
多元化 duōyuánhuà, diversification/pluralism/to diversify
化为乌有 huàwéiwūyǒu, [化為烏有], to go up in smoke/to vanish
人性化 化粪池 huàfènchí, [化糞池], septic tank
开化 kāihuà, [開化], to become civilized/to be open-minded/(of ice) to thaw
理想化 lǐxiǎnghuà, to idealize
优化 yōuhuà, [優化], optimization/to optimize/to make superior
化验室 化险为夷 huàxiǎnwéiyí, [化險為夷], to turn peril into safety (idiom); to avert disaster
造化 zàohuà, good luck/Nature (as the mother of all things)
合理化 hélǐhuà, to rationalize/to make compatible/to streamline/rationalization
演化 yǎnhuà, to evolve/evolution
风化 fēnghuà, [風化], decency/public morals/to weather (rocks)/wind erosion
激化 消化系统 xiāohuàxìtǒng, [消化系統], digestive system/gastrointestinal tract
标准化 biāozhǔnhuà, [標準化], standardization
复杂化 fùzáhuà, [複雜化], to complicate/to become complicated
氯化钾 lǜhuàjiǎ, [氯化鉀], potassium chloride
自动化 zìdònghuà, [自動化], automation
化妆室 huàzhuāngshì, [化妝室], dressing room/powder room/(Tw) toilets
格式化 géshìhuà, to format
焚化 fénhuà, to cremate
肝硬化 gānyìnghuà, cirrhosis
烧化 白化病 báihuàbìng, albinism
化肥 huàféi, fertilizer
淡化 dànhuà, to water down/to play down/to trivialize/to weaken/to become dull with time/to d...
最大化 zuìdàhuà, to maximize
消化道 xiāohuàdào, digestive tract
出神入化 chūshénrùhuà, to reach perfection (idiom); a superb artistic achievement
个人化 大众化 dàzhònghuà, [大眾化], mass-oriented/to cater for the masses/popularized
私有化 sīyǒuhuà, privatization/to privatize
氧化剂 yǎnghuàjì, [氧化劑], oxidant/oxidizing agent
氯化物 lǜhuàwù, chloride
驯化 xùnhuà, [馴化], to tame/to domesticate
国际化 guójìhuà, [國際化], to internationalize/internationalization
量化 liànghuà, to quantize/quantization/quantitative
化油器 huàyóuqì, carburetor
有伤风化 丑化 chǒuhuà, [醜化], to defame/to libel/to defile/to smear/to vilify
个性化 gèxìnghuà, [個性化], to personalize/to customize/customization
物化 wùhuà, to objectify/(literary) to die
水化 shuǐhuà, to hydrate
变化无常 氯化钠 lǜhuànà, [氯化鈉], sodium chloride NaCl/common salt
神化 shénhuà, to make divine/apotheosis
化学元素 huàxuéyuánsù, [化學元素], chemical element
化学系 huàxuéxì, [化學系], department of chemistry
孵化器 fūhuàqì, incubator/apparatus for incubating eggs
催化 cuīhuà, catalysis/to catalyze (a reaction)
公开化 gōngkāihuà, [公開化], to publicize/openness (of government, PRC equivalent of "glasnost")
有机化学 yǒujīhuàxué, [有機化學], organic chemistry
政治化 zhèngzhìhuà, to politicize
弱化 ruòhuà, weaken/make weaker
僵化 jiānghuà, to become rigid
形象化 固化 gùhuà, to solidify/solidification (chemistry)
绿化 lǜhuà, [綠化], to make green with plants/to reforest/(Internet slang) Islamization
汽化 qìhuà, to boil/to vaporize
扩大化 kuòdàhuà, [擴大化], to extend the scope/to exaggerate
潜移默化 qiányímòhuà, [潛移默化], imperceptible influence/to influence secretly
硫化氢 liúhuàqīng, [硫化氫], hydrogen sulfide HS/sulfureted hydrogen
化脓 huànóng, [化膿], to fester/to suppurate/to be infected
千变万化 qiānbiànwànhuà, [千變萬化], countless changes/constant permutation
亚文化 yàwénhuà, [亞文化], subculture
动脉硬化 dòngmàiyìnghuà, [動脈硬化], hardening of the arteries/arteriosclerosis
化学键 huàxuéjiàn, [化學鍵], chemical bond
磁化 cíhuà, to magnetize
氧化铝 yǎnghuàlǚ, [氧化鋁], aluminum oxide
感化院 gǎnhuàyuàn, reformatory/reform school
氰化氢 军事化 jūnshìhuà, [軍事化], militarization
纯化 逢凶化吉 féngxiōnghuàjí, misfortune turns to blessing (idiom); to turn an inauspicious start to good acco...
工业化 gōngyèhuà, [工業化], to industrialize/industrialization
化食 净化器 智能化 明朗化 硫化 liúhuà, vulcanization (curing rubber using sulfur and heat)
变化多端 biànhuàduōduān, [變化多端], changeable/changing/varied/full of changes
钙化 gàihuà, [鈣化], to calcify/calcification
二氧化硅 èryǎnghuàguī, silicon dioxide (SiÓ)
二氧化硫 èryǎnghuàliú, sulfur dioxide SÓ
过氧化氢 guòyǎnghuàqīng, [過氧化氫], hydrogen peroxide HÓ
助消化 钢化玻璃 gānghuàbōli, [鋼化玻璃], reinforced glass
边缘化 biānyuánhuà, [邊緣化], to marginalize/marginalization
氢化物 氯化 一体化 yītǐhuà, [一體化], integration/incorporation/unification
硫化物 化合 huàhé, chemical combination
职业化 zhíyèhuà, [職業化], professionalization
具体化 jùtǐhuà, [具體化], to concretize
化学剂 深化 shēnhuà, to deepen/to intensify
幻化 huànhuà, to be transformed/to metamorphose/transformation/metamorphosis
变化莫测 biànhuàmòcè, [變化莫測], unpredictable/changeable
专业化 zhuānyèhuà, [專業化], specialization
社会化 shèhuìhuà, [社會化], socialization/to socialize/to fit into society/to train sb for society
气化 qìhuà, [氣化], to vaporize/evaporation/carburetion/氣|气[qì] transformation in TCM (i.e. transfor...
碘化钾 diǎnhuàjiǎ, [碘化鉀], potassium iodide
氧化物 yǎnghuàwù, oxide
溴化物 平民化 乳化 rǔhuà, to emulsify
骨化 gǔhuà, to ossify/ossification
食古不化 shígǔbùhuà, to swallow ancient learning without digesting it (idiom)/to be pedantic without ...
年轻化 niánqīnghuà, [年輕化], to make more youthful/to promote younger staff
氢氧化铵 电气化 diànqìhuà, [電氣化], electrification
制度化 zhìdùhuà, systematization
人化 极化 jíhuà, [極化], polarization
电化学 diànhuàxué, [電化學], electrochemistry
孵化场 fūhuàchǎng, [孵化場], incubator/hatchery (for poultry etc)
老龄化 lǎolínghuà, [老齡化], aging (population)
毒化 dúhuà, to poison/to infect
小型化 文化大革命 WénhuàDàgémìng, Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
叫化子 jiàohuāzi, variant of 叫花子[jiào huā zi]
细化 xìhuà, [細化], to give a more granular level of detail/to elaborate/to refine/to become more di...
硝化棉 规范化 guīfànhuà, [規範化], to standardize/standardization
化整为零 huàzhěngwéilíng, [化整為零], to break up the whole into pieces (idiom); dealing with things one by one/divide...
氮化 程序化 化境 化纤 huàxiān, [化纖], synthetic fiber
西化 氧化铁 民主化 mínzhǔhuà, to convert to democracy/democratic transformation
白化 化学战 huàxuézhàn, [化學戰], chemical warfare
文化部 诗化 炭化 低龄化 都市化 一元化 yīyuánhuà, integration/integrated/unified
化学能 huàxuénéng, [化學能], chemical energy
公式化 gōngshìhuà, to formalize/formalism in art (esp. as proscribed in USSR and PRC)
敏化剂 一般化 氯化氢 lǜhuàqīng, [氯化氫], hydrogen chloride HCl
电子化 过氧化物 guòyǎnghuàwù, [過氧化物], peroxide
盐碱化 化验员 科学化 碳化物 tànhuàwù, carbide
活化石 huóhuàshí, living fossil
特殊化 本土化 běntǔhuà, to localize/localization
氰化钾 qínghuàjiǎ, [氰化鉀], potassium cyanide KCN
氰化钠 qínghuànà, [氰化鈉], sodium cyanide NaCN
概念化 gàiniànhuà, conceptualization
人格化 réngéhuà, to personalize/anthropomorphism
消化酶 xiāohuàméi, digestive enzyme
异化 yìhuà, [異化], alienation (philosophy)/(of speech) dissimilation
文化部长 文化人 市场化 shìchǎnghuà, [市場化], marketization
绿化带 艺术化 化冻 huàdòng, [化凍], to defrost
金章化 化痰 huàtán, to transform phlegm (TCM)
民营化 mínyínghuà, [民營化], privatization
硫化钠 进化史 顺化 Shùnhuà, [順化], Hue, city in central Vietnam and capital of Thua Thien province
防化学 液化气 yèhuàqì, [液化氣], liquid gas/bottled gas (fuel)
大化 化学式 huàxuéshì, [化學式], chemical formula (e.g. water HO)
氟化氢 fúhuàqīng, [氟化氫], hydrofluoric acid
糖化 文化课 文化观 碳化硅 tànhuàguī, silicon carbide/carborundum
文化馆 钮化 液化气罐 化友 文化界 羽化 yǔhuà, levitation (of Daoist immortal)/to become as light as a feather and ascend to he...
坐化 zuòhuà, to die in a seated posture (Buddhism)
古文化 芝士化 西方化 商品化 shāngpǐnhuà, commodification
世俗化 国有化 guóyǒuhuà, [國有化], nationalization
产业化 chǎnyèhuà, [產業化], to industrialize/industrialization
雾化器 wùhuàqì, [霧化器], nebulizer/spray/atomizer
氢氧化物 qīngyǎnghuàwù, [氫氧化物], hydroxide
形式化 xíngshìhuà, formalization/formalized
溴化银 氧化汞 yǎnghuàgǒng, mercuric oxide (HgO)
正常化 zhèngchánghuà, normalization (of diplomatic relations etc)
组织化 炼化 liànhuà, [煉化], to refine/refining (e.g. oil, chemicals etc)
工厂化 焦化 jiāohuà, to distill
贪污腐化 化验单 电化 化学工业 huàxuégōngyè, [化學工業], chemical industry, abbr. to 化工[huà gōng]
当地化 转化率 企业化 系统化 化合价 huàhéjià, [化合價], valence (chemistry)
工程化 氮化物 塑化 数量化 暴力化 物理化学 wùlǐhuàxué, [物理化學], physical chemistry
货币化 氮氧化物 dànyǎnghuàwù, nitrogen oxide
克文化 文化教育 儿化音 脸谱化 沙漠化 shāmòhuà, desertification
理化 lǐhuà, physical and chemical
集团化 孵化期 fūhuàqī, incubation period/time for sth to develop
文化史 wénhuàshǐ, cultural history
网络化 日化 rìhuà, household chemicals (cleaning products etc) and toiletries/abbr. for 日用化學製品|日用化学...
分化瓦解 卤化物 lǔhuàwù, [鹵化物], halide (i.e. fluoride, chloride, bromide etc)
化武 huàwǔ, chemical weapon/abbr. for 化學武器|化学武器[huà xué wǔ qì]
生活化 化装师 归化居
苦 ⇒
痛苦 tòngkǔ, pain/suffering/painful/CL:個|个[gè]
辛苦 xīnkǔ, exhausting/hard/tough/arduous/to work hard/to go to a lot of trouble/hardship(s)
苦 kǔ, bitter/hardship/pain/to suffer/to bring suffering to/painstakingly
艰苦 jiānkǔ, [艱苦], difficult/hard/arduous
受苦 shòukǔ, to suffer hardship
苦难 kǔnàn, [苦難], suffering
苦恼 kǔnǎo, [苦惱], vexed/distressed
苦苦 kǔkǔ, strenuously/persistently/hard/painful
挖苦 wākǔ, to speak sarcastically/to make cutting remarks
苦头 kǔtou, [苦頭], sufferings
刻苦 kèkǔ, hardworking/assiduous
苦衷 kǔzhōng, secret trouble/sorrow/difficulties
苦力 kǔlì, bitter work/hard toil/(loanword) coolie, unskilled Chinese laborer in colonial t...
辛辛苦苦 xīnxīnkǔkǔ, painstakingly/with great trouble
苦痛 kǔtòng, pain/suffering
苦涩 kǔsè, [苦澀], bitter and astringent/pained/agonized
困苦 kùnkǔ, deprivation/distressed/miserable
苦果 kǔguǒ, lit. bitter fruit/fig. painful consequence
自讨苦吃 zìtǎokǔchī, [自討苦吃], to ask for trouble (idiom)/to make a rod for one's own back
穷苦 qióngkǔ, [窮苦], impoverished/destitute
苦闷 kǔmèn, [苦悶], depressed/dejected/feeling low
苦工 kǔgōng, hard labor (in penal code)/coolie
苦海 kǔhǎi, lit. sea of bitterness/abyss of worldly suffering (Buddhist term)/depths of mise...
诉苦 sùkǔ, [訴苦], to grumble/to complain/grievance
苦差 kǔchāi, hard task/difficult mission/arduous and unrewarding undertaking/drudgery/grind/c...
千辛万苦 qiānxīnwànkǔ, [千辛萬苦], to suffer untold hardships (idiom); trials and tribulations/with difficulty/afte...
苦练 kǔliàn, [苦練], to train hard/to practice diligently/hard work/blood, sweat, and tears
苦楚 kǔchǔ, suffering/misery/pain (esp. psychological)
何苦 hékǔ, why bother?/is it worth the trouble?
苦瓜 kǔguā, bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear, balsam apple, leprosy gourd, bitter cuc...
埋头苦干 máitóukǔgàn, [埋頭苦幹], to bury oneself in work (idiom); to be engrossed in work/to make an all-out effo...
同甘共苦 tónggāngòngkǔ, shared delights and common hardships (idiom); to share life's joys and sorrows/f...
苦战 kǔzhàn, [苦戰], bitter struggle/hard battle/arduous effort
吃苦 chīkǔ, to bear hardships
吃苦头 chīkǔtou, [吃苦頭], to suffer/to suffer for one's actions/to pay dearly/to burn one's fingers
贫苦 pínkǔ, [貧苦], poverty-stricken/poor
含辛茹苦 hánxīnrúkǔ, to suffer every possible torment (idiom); bitter hardship/to bear one's cross
苦水 kǔshuǐ, bitter water (e.g. mineral water containing sulfates)/suffering/digestive fluids...
苦心经营 kǔxīnjīngyíng, [苦心經營], to build up an enterprise through painstaking efforts
苦心 kǔxīn, painstaking effort/to take a lot of trouble/laborious at pains
煞费苦心 shàfèikǔxīn, [煞費苦心], to take a lot of trouble (idiom); painstaking/at the cost of a lot of effort
孤苦 苦命 kǔmìng, hard lot/bitter fate/unfortunate
疾苦 jíkǔ, pain and difficulties/suffering (of the people)
孤苦伶仃 gūkǔlíngdīng, solitary and impoverished (idiom)
劳苦 láokǔ, [勞苦], to toil/hard work
命苦 mìngkǔ, to be born under an ill star
苦不堪言 kǔbùkānyán, to suffer unspeakable misery/indescribably painful/hellish
苦干 kǔgàn, [苦幹], to work hard
苦肉计 kǔròujì, [苦肉計], the trick of injuring oneself to gain the enemy's confidence/CL:條|条[tiáo]
酸甜苦辣 suāntiánkǔlà, sour, sweet, bitter and spicy hot/fig. the joys and sorrows of life
不辞劳苦 bùcíláokǔ, [不辭勞苦], to spare no effort
苦于 苦笑 kǔxiào, to force a smile/a bitter laugh
苦行僧 不辞辛苦 bùcíxīnkǔ, [不辭辛苦], to make nothing of hardships
苦尽甘来 kǔjìngānlái, [苦盡甘來], bitterness finishes, sweetness begins (idiom); the hard times are over, the good...
艰苦卓绝 苦役 kǔyì, forced labor/corvée/penal servitude
艰苦奋斗 jiānkǔfèndòu, [艱苦奮鬥], to struggle arduously
苦功 kǔgōng, hard work/laborious effort/painstaking work
苦活 kǔhuó, bitter work/sweated labor
苦行 kǔxíng, ascetic practice
吃苦耐劳 chīkǔnàiláo, [吃苦耐勞], hardworking and enduring hardships (idiom)
苦口婆心 kǔkǒupóxīn, earnest and well-meaning advice (idiom); to persuade patiently
甘苦 gānkǔ, good times and hardships/joys and tribulations/for better or for worse
叫苦 jiàokǔ, to whine about hardships/to complain of one's bitter lot/to complain/to grumble
苦思 kǔsī, to think hard/bitter thoughts/to pour out one's sufferings
苦酒 苦思冥想 kǔsīmíngxiǎng, to consider from all angles (idiom); to think hard/to rack one's brains
坚苦 甘苦与共 苦大仇深 kǔdàchóushēn, great bitterness, deep hatred (idiom); deeply ingrained long-standing resentment
良苦用心 liángkǔyòngxīn, to ponder earnestly/to give a lot of thought to sth
下苦功 苦刑 kǔxíng, torture/corporal punishment (traditionally involving mutilation or amputation)
苦味 kǔwèi, bitter taste/bitterness
愁苦 chóukǔ, anxiety/distress
救苦救难 凄苦 qīkǔ, [悽苦], bleak/miserable
勤学苦练 qínxuékǔliàn, [勤學苦練], to study diligently/to train assiduously
悲苦 bēikǔ, forlorn/miserable
苦境 kǔjìng, grievance/dire straits
忆苦思甜 yìkǔsītián, [憶苦思甜], to view one's past as miserable and one's present as happy (idiom)
苦斗 挖苦话 苦劳 kǔláo, [苦勞], toil/hard work
良药苦口利于病 苦寒 kǔhán, bitter cold
苦参 kǔshēn, [苦參], liquorice (Sophora flavescens), with roots used in TCM
苦口良药 苦主 kǔzhǔ, victim's family (esp. in murder case)
苦心孤诣 kǔxīngūyì, [苦心孤詣], to make painstaking efforts (idiom); after much trouble/to work hard at sth
清苦 qīngkǔ, destitute but honest/poor and simple/spartan/austere
辛苦费 叫苦不迭 jiàokǔbudié, to complain without stopping (idiom); to bitch endlessly/incessant grievances
有苦难言