HSK东西 Scripts Advanced Search Radicals [collapse definitions]
[工業現代化] gōngyèxiàndàihuà modernization of industry, one of Deng Xiaoping's Four Modernizations

Character Composition

Character Compounds

Word Compounds


        gōngzuò, to work/(of a machine) to operate/job/work/task/CL:個|个[gè],份[fèn],項|项[xiàng]
        tègōng, secret service/special service/secret service agent/special agent
        yuángōng, [員工], staff/personnel/employee
        gōng, work/worker/skill/profession/trade/craft/labor
        gōngjù, tool/instrument/utensil/means (to achieve a goal etc)
        gōngchǎng, [工廠], factory/CL:家[jiā],座[zuò]
        gōngrén, worker/CL:個|个[gè],名[míng]
        gōngzī, [工資], wages/pay/CL:個|个[gè],份[fèn],月[yuè]
        gōngzuòshì, studio/workshop
        gōngchéng, engineering/an engineering project/project/undertaking/CL:個|个[gè],項|项[xiàng]
        gōngchéngshī, [工程師], engineer/CL:個|个[gè],位[wèi],名[míng]
        dǎgōng, to work a temporary or casual job/(of students) to have a job outside of class t...
        kāigōng, [開工], to begin work (of a factory or engineering operation)/to start a construction jo...
        gōngyè, [工業], industry
        bàgōng, [罷工], a strike/to go on strike
        qīngjiégōng, [清潔工], cleaner/janitor/garbage collector
        shǒugōng, handwork/manual
        réngōng, artificial/manpower/manual work
        gōnghuì, [工會], labor union/trade union/CL:個|个[gè]
        gōngdì, construction site
        kuànggōng, [礦工], miner
        wángōng, to finish work/to complete a project
        gōngfū/gōngfu, (old) laborer, period of time (may be months, or mere seconds)/spare time/skill/...
        jiāgōng, to process/processing/working (of machinery)
        gōngjùxiāng, toolbox
        shōugōng, to stop work for the day (generally of laborers)/to knock off
        shīgōng, construction/to carry out construction or large-scale repairs
        gōngqián, [工錢], salary/wages
        láogōng, [勞工], labor/laborer
        
        guǎngōng, plumber/pipe-worker
        gōngzuòzhě, worker
        gōngzuòfú, work clothes
        réngōngzhìnéng, artificial intelligence (AI)
        gōngzuòkuáng, workaholic
        línshígōng, [臨時工], day laborer/temporary work
        diàngōng, [電工], electrician/electrical engineering/electrical work (in a house)
        nǚgōng, working woman/variant of 女紅|女红[nǚ gōng]
        gōngtóu, [工頭], foreman
        
        zhígōng, [職工], workers/staff/CL:個|个[gè]
        jìgōng, skilled worker
        bānyùngōng, [搬運工], porter
        Gōngténg, Kudō (Japanese surname)
        gōngyì, [工藝], arts and crafts/industrial arts
        réngōnghūxī, artificial respiration (medicine)
        zuògōng, to work with one's hands/manual work/workmanship
        gōngzuòliàng, workload/volume of work
        gōngchéngxué, [工程學], engineering
        fēngōng, to divide up the work/division of labor
        gōngzuòzhàn, (computer) workstation
        gōngzuòrì, workday/working day/weekday
        
        
        mùgōng, woodwork/carpentry/woodworker/carpenter
        gōngjiàng, artisan/smith
        
        tínggōng, to stop work/to shut down/to stop production
        gōngyìpǐn, [工藝品], handicraft article/handiwork/CL:個|个[gè]
        
        huàgōngchǎng, [化工廠], chemical factory
        gōngzuòtái, [工作檯], workbench/work station
        
        huàgōng, chemical industry, abbr. of 化學工業|化学工业[huà xué gōng yè]/chemical engineering, abb...
        kǔgōng, hard labor (in penal code)/coolie
        dònggōng, [動工], to start (a building project)
        réngōngshòujīng, artificial insemination
        
        
        jiāgōngchǎng, [加工廠], processing plant
        gōngrénjiējí, [工人階級], working class
        gōngzuòzǔ, [工作組], work team/working group/task force
        
        gōngyèqū, [工業區], industrial zone
        gōngshāng, industry and commerce
        tónggōng, child labor
        
        
        tōugōngjiǎnliào, [偷工減料], to skimp on the job and stint on materials (idiom)/jerry-building/sloppy work
        jiāngōng, [監工], workplace overseer/foreman
        
        
        zhōngdiǎngōng, [鐘點工], hourly worker/hourly job
        kuànggōng, [曠工], to skip work/absence without leave
        línggōng, temporary job/odd job
        gōngfēng, worker bee
        bānggōng, [幫工], to help with farm work/casual laborer
        míngōng, migrant worker/temporary worker enlisted on a public project
        
        
        
        chēgōng, [車工], lathe work/lathe operator
        gōngbīng, military engineer
        yìgōng, [義工], volunteer worker/volunteer work
        gōngshāng, [工傷], industrial injury
        shànggōng, to go to work/to start work
        
        
        
        gōngshì, defensive structure/military fortifications/(Tw) construction works/civil engine...
        bīnggōngchǎng, [兵工廠], munitions factory
        
        měigōng, art design/art designer
        gōngshí, [工時], man-hour
        fèigōngfu, [費工夫], to spend a great deal of time and effort/(of a task) demanding/exacting
        gōngyǒu, workmate
        shǒugōngyì, [手工藝], handicraft/arts and crafts
        bāogōngtóu, [包工頭], chief labor contractor
        
        fángyùgōngshì, [防禦工事], fortification/defensive structure
        gōngzhěng, fine work/carefully and neatly done
        
        
        
        
        guǐfǔshéngōng, supernaturally fine craft (idiom); the work of the Gods/uncanny workmanship/supe...
        jùngōng, to complete a project
        hàngōng, welder/solderer/CL:名[míng]/welding
        
        gōngqī, time allocated for a project/completion date
        gōngxīnjiēcéng, [工薪階層], salaried class
        
        
        gōngzhuāngkù, [工裝褲], overalls (clothing)/coveralls
        
        
        jiàozhíyuángōng, [教職員工], teaching and administrative staff
        gōngdǎng, [工黨], worker's party/labor party
        gōngyèhuà, [工業化], to industrialize/industrialization
        
        
        xiàgōngfu, to put in time and energy/to concentrate one's efforts
        lǐgōng, science and engineering as academic subjects
        
        
        
        gōngzuòduì, [工作隊], a working group/a task force
        wùgōng, [務工], to work as a laborer
        gōngzhǒng, [工種], kind of work in production (e.g. benchwork, foundry work etc)
        
        
        
        
        nángōng, male worker
        qíngōngjiǎnxué, [勤工儉學], to work part time while studying/work-study program
        duǎngōng, temporary job/odd job/seasonal worker
        shuǐnuǎngōng, plumber/heating engineer
        
        nónggōng, [農工], agricultural worker/abbr. for 農業工人|农业工人/peasant and worker (in Marxism)
        
        Jīnggōng/jīnggōng, Seiko, Japanese watch and electronics company, refined/delicate/exquisite (craft...
        gōngkē, engineering as an academic subject
        
        
        gōngxù, working procedure/process
        
        shègōng, social work/social worker
        
        shígōng, stonemasonry/stonemason
        yōnggōng, [傭工], hired laborer/servant
        
        
        
        zhìgōng, volunteer
        huàngōng, [換工], to change workshifts
        
        dàigōng, to slacken off in one's work/to go slow (as a form of strike)
        
        tónggōngtóngchóu, equal pay for equal work
        
        
        
        
        gōnglíng, [工齡], length of service/seniority
        dǎgōngzǎi, young worker/employee/young male worker
        chuángōng, boatman/boat builder
        
        
        fùgōng, [復工], to return to work (after stoppage)
        zhuāngxiègōng, [裝卸工], docker/longshoreman
        
        
        gōngxuéyuàn, [工學院], school of engineering/college of engineering
        xiàgōng, to knock off (at the end of a day's work)/to finish work
        
        
        
        jiàozhígōng, [教職工], teaching and administrative staff
        
        wùgōng, [誤工], to delay one's work/to be late for or absent from work/loss of working time
        gōngxīnzú, salaried class
        
        
        
        jiàoyùgōngzuòzhě, educator
        
        qiángōng, [鉗工], fitter/benchwork
        
        bàngōngbàndú, [半工半讀], part work, part study/work-study program
        
        móyánggōng, to idle on the job
        
        
        yíchuángōngchéng, [遺傳工程], genetic engineering
        gōngjùshū, [工具書], reference book (such as dictionary, almanac, gazetteer etc)
        
        
        
        
        
        
        núgōng, slave labor/slave worker
        
        jìgōng, [記工], to record work points 工分[gōng fēn]
        
        bāogōng, to undertake to perform work within a time limit and according to specifications...
        gōngyìměishù, [工藝美術], applied art
        
        nóngmíngōng, [農民工], migrant workers
        
        
        
        ānjūgōngchéng, housing project for low-income urban residents
        huàxuégōngyè, [化學工業], chemical industry, abbr. to 化工[huà gōng]
        
        
        shǒugōngyè, [手工業], handicraft
        
        wǎgōng, tiling/bricklaying/plastering
        gōngbǐ, [工筆], gongbi, traditional Chinese painting method characterized by meticulous brush te...
        chǎnyègōngrén, [產業工人], industrial worker
        
        gōngfēn, work point (measure of work completed in a rural commune in the PRC during the p...
        Gōngnóng/gōngnóng, [工農], Gongnong district of Hegang city 鶴崗|鹤岗[Hè gǎng], Heilongjiang, workers and peasa...
        hégōngchéng, nuclear engineering
        
        
        
        dǎgōngmèi, young female worker
        
        
        gōngdúshēng, [工讀生], student who also works part-time/(old) reform-school student
        
        
        bāoshēngōng, indentured laborer
        

        zhíyè, [職業], occupation/profession/vocation/professional
        bìyè, [畢業], graduation/to graduate/to finish school
        shìyè, [事業], undertaking/project/activity/(charitable, political or revolutionary) cause/publ...
        zhuānyè, [專業], specialty/specialized field/main field of study (at university)/major/CL:門|门[mén...
        zuòyè, [作業], school assignment/homework/work/task/operation/CL:個|个[gè]/to operate
        shāngyè, [商業], business/trade/commerce
        hángyè, [行業], industry/business
        Yè/yè, [業], surname Ye, line of business/industry/occupation/job/employment/school studies/e...
        yèyú, [業餘], in one's spare time/outside working hours/amateur (historian etc)
        shīyè, [失業], unemployment/to lose one's job
        qǐyè, [企業], company/firm/enterprise/corporation/CL:家[jiā]
        yèwù, [業務], business/professional work/service/CL:項|项[xiàng]
        gōngyè, [工業], industry
        chǎnyè, [產業], industry/estate/property/industrial
        yíngyè, [營業], to do business/to trade
        bìyèshēng, [畢業生], graduate
        kāiyè, [開業], to open a business/to open a practice/open (for business)
        xuéyè, [學業], studies/schoolwork
        nóngyè, [農業], agriculture/farming
        
        yèzhǔ, [業主], owner/proprietor
        yèjì, [業績], achievement/accomplishment/(in more recent usage) performance (of a business, em...
        jiùyè, [就業], to get a job/employment
        jìngyè, [敬業], to be dedicated to one's work/to respect one's work
        zhíyè, [執業], to work in a profession (e.g. doctor, lawyer)/practitioner/professional
        qǐyèjiā, [企業家], entrepreneur
        chóngcāojiùyè, [重操舊業], to resume one's old trade (idiom)
        chuàngyè, [創業], to begin an undertaking/to start a major task/to initiate/to venture/venture/ent...
        wùyè, [物業], property/real estate/abbr. for 物業管理|物业管理[wù yè guǎn lǐ], property management
        
        shāngyèhuà, [商業化], to commercialize
        tíngyè, [停業], to cease trading (temporarily or permanently)/to close down
        zhíyèbìng, [職業病], occupational disease
        fùyè, [副業], sideline/side occupation
        shìyèyǒuchéng, [事業有成], to be successful in business/professional success
        shāngyèqū, [商業區], business district/downtown
        shíyè, [實業], industry/commercial enterprise
        
        cóngyè, [從業], to practice (a trade)
        yíngyèé, [營業額], sum or volume of business/turnover
        Nóngyèbù, [農業部], Ministry of Agriculture/Department of Agriculture
        
        wúyè, [無業], unemployed/jobless/out of work
        
        
        xiēyè, [歇業], to close down (temporarily or permanently)/to go out of business
        gōngyèqū, [工業區], industrial zone
        jiāyè, [家業], family property
        jīngjīngyèyè, [兢兢業業], cautious and conscientious
        
        shīyèlǜ, [失業率], unemployment rate
        yúyè, [漁業], fishing industry/fishery
        zhuānyèxìng, [專業性], professionalism/expertise
        fúwùyè, [服務業], service industry
        shīyèzhě, [失業者], an unemployed person
        
        jiéyè, [結業], to finish school, esp. a short course/to complete a course
        yèwùyuán, [業務員], salesperson
        yínhángyè, [銀行業], banking
        ānjūlèyè, [安居樂業], to live in peace and work happily (idiom)
        kuàngyè, [礦業], mining industry
        zhuānyèhù, [專業戶], family firm producing a special product/cottage industry
        gèhánggèyè, [各行各業], every trade/all professions/all walks of life
        
        bùwùzhèngyè, [不務正業], not to engage in honest work/to ignore one's proper occupation/not to attend to ...
        yèdà, [業大], part-time college (abbr. for 業餘大學|业余大学[yè yú dà xué])
        
        dàyè, [大業], great cause/great undertaking
        shíyèjiā, [實業家], industrialist
        
广         
        yèyǐ, [業已], already
        
        
        wěiyè, [偉業], exploit/great undertaking
        jiànzhùyè, [建築業], building industry
        zhìzàoyè, [制造業], manufacturing industry
        
        yǐngyè, [影業], film industry
        dàiyè, [待業], to await job assignment (term used only in mainland China)
        lǚyóuyè, [旅遊業], tourism industry
        yíngyèyuán, [營業員], clerk/shop assistant/CL:個|个[gè]
        chéngjiālìyè, [成家立業], to get married and start a career (idiom)/to settle down/to establish oneself
        
        
        
        zhǔyè, [主業], main business
        
        
        
        
        
        jīyè, [基業], foundation/base/family estate
        gōngyèhuà, [工業化], to industrialize/industrialization
        
        kèyè, [課業], lesson/schoolwork
        
        
        zhíyèhuà, [職業化], professionalization
        zhuānyèhuà, [專業化], specialization
        
        jīnróngyè, [金融業], financial sector/the banking business
        yùnshūyè, [運輸業], transportation industry
        qǐyèzhǔ, [企業主], owner of enterprise
        zhuǎnyè, [轉業], to change one's profession/to transfer to civilian work
        
        
        
        mùyè, [牧業], livestock husbandry/animal product industry
        
        
        
        zhìyè, [置業], to buy real estate
        yìyè, [肄業], to attend (a school)/to drop out (of college etc)
        
        jiàngōnglìyè, [建功立業], to achieve or accomplish goals
        
        xùmùyè, [畜牧業], animal husbandry/stock raising/livestock raising
        niàngjiǔyè, [釀酒業], brewing industry/wine industry
        
        
        
        yìnshuāyè, [印刷業], typography/printing business
        shìyèxīn, [事業心], devotion to one's work/professional ambition
        tóngyègōnghuì, [同業公會], trade association
        
        
        chuàngyèzhě, [創業者], entrepreneur
        
        jiǔdiànyè, [酒店業], the catering industry/the hotel and restaurant business
        àigǎngjìngyè, [愛崗敬業], industrious and hard-working/conscientious and meticulous
        zhòngzhíyè, [種植業], plantation
        
        
        yìyèshēng, [肄業生], dropout student
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        chǎnyèhuà, [產業化], to industrialize/industrialization
        tóngyè, [同業], same trade or business/person in the same trade or business
        
        
        
        yǎngzhíyè, [養殖業], cultivation industry
        
        huàxuégōngyè, [化學工業], chemical industry, abbr. to 化工[huà gōng]
        shǒugōngyè, [手工業], handicraft
        chǎnyègōngrén, [產業工人], industrial worker
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        shòuyè, [授業], to teach/to bequeath
        

        xiànzài, [現在], now/at present/at the moment/modern/current/nowadays
        fāxiàn, [發現], to find/to discover
        chūxiàn, [出現], to appear/to arise/to emerge/to show up
        biǎoxiàn, [表現], to show/to show off/to display/to manifest/expression/manifestation/show/display...
        xiànchǎng, [現場], the scene (of a crime, accident etc)/(on) the spot/(at) the site
        xiànshí, [現實], reality/actuality/real/actual/realistic/pragmatic/materialistic/self-interested
        shíxiàn, [實現], to achieve/to implement/to realize/to bring about
        xiànjīn, [現金], cash
        zhǎnxiàn, [展現], to come out/to emerge/to reveal/to display
        xiàn, [現], to appear/present/now/existing/current
        xiànxiàng, [現象], phenomenon/CL:個|个[gè],種|种[zhǒng]/appearance
        Xiàndài/xiàndài, [現代], Hyundai, South Korean company, modern times/modern age/modern era
        chéngxiàn, [呈現], to appear/to emerge/to present (a certain appearance)/to demonstrate
        xiàndàiwǔ, [現代舞], modern dance
        duìxiàn, [兌現], (of a check etc) to cash/to honor a commitment
        xiànshēn, [現身], to show oneself/to appear/(of a deity) to appear in the flesh
        tǐxiàn, [體現], to embody/to reflect/to incarnate
        xiànzhuàng, [現狀], current situation
        chóngxiàn, [重現], to reappear
        xiànyǒu, [現有], currently existing/currently available
        xiǎnxiàn, [顯現], appearance/to appear
        fúxiàn, [浮現], to appear before one's eyes/to come into view/to float into appearance/to come b...
        zàixiàn, [再現], to recreate/to reconstruct (a historical relic)
        xiànjīn, [現今], now/nowadays/modern
        xiànrèn, [現任], to occupy a post currently/current (president etc)/incumbent/(coll.) current boy...
        shǎnxiàn, [閃現], to flash
        xiànchéng, [現成], ready-made/readily available
        xiànxíng, [現行], to be in effect/in force/current
        xiàndàihuà, [現代化], modernization/CL:個|个[gè]
        
        diūrénxiànyǎn, [丟人現眼], to make an exhibition of oneself/to be a disgrace
        biǎoxiànlì, [表現力], expressive power
        xiànxíng, [現形], to become visible/to appear/to manifest one's true nature
        xiànqián, [現錢], cash
        xiàncún, [現存], extant/existent/in stock
        yǒngxiàn, [湧現], to emerge in large numbers/to spring up/to emerge prominently
        fùxiàn, [付現], to pay in cash
        xiànshì, [現世], this life/to lose face/to be disgraced
        xiànkuàng, [現況], the current situation
        
        xiànyì, [現役], (military) active duty
        xiànjiēduàn, [現階段], at the present stage
        
        xiànshí, [現時], current
        xiànnián, [現年], (a person's) current age
        huólínghuóxiàn, [活靈活現], living spirit, living image (idiom); true to life/vivid and realistic
        xiànshízhǔyì, [現實主義], realism
        xiàndàirén, [現代人], modern man/Homo sapiens
        
        chāoxiànshízhǔyì, [超現實主義], surrealism
        
        
        xiànshēnshuōfǎ, [現身說法], to talk from one's personal experience/to use oneself as an example
        tánhuāyīxiàn, [曇花一現], lit. the night-blooming cactus shows once/flash in the pan (idiom)/short-lived
        ruòyǐnruòxiàn, [若隱若現], faintly discernible (idiom)
        xiànkuǎn, [現款], cash
        ānyúxiànzhuàng, [安於現狀], to take things as they are (idiom)/to leave a situation as it is/to be happy wit...
        xiànyǎn, [現眼], to embarrass oneself/to make a fool of oneself
        shénqìhuóxiàn, [神氣活現], arrogant appearance/smug appearance/to act condescending/to put on airs
        tūxiàn, [凸現], to come to prominence/to appear clearly/to stick out
        shíyǐnshíxiàn, [時隱時現], appearing and disappearing (idiom)/intermittently visible
        
        xiànxíngfàn, [現行犯], criminal caught red-handed
        tiēxiàn, [貼現], discount/rebate
        
        
        xiànhuò, [現貨], merchandise or commodities available immediately after sale/merchandise in stock...
        xiàndàipài, [現代派], modernist faction/modernists
        xiànchǎnghuì, [現場會], on-the-spot meeting
        
        
        tiēxiànlǜ, [貼現率], discount rate
        
        xiàndàishǐ, [現代史], modern history
        
        jìnxiàndàishǐ, [近現代史], modern history and contemporary history
        
        
        
        
        
        
        yǐnxiàn, [隱現], glimpse (of something hidden)
        
        

        dàibiǎo, representative/delegate/CL:位[wèi],個|个[gè],名[míng]/to represent/to stand for/on b...
        niándài, a decade of a century (e.g. the Sixties)/age/era/period/CL:個|个[gè]
        Shídài/shídài, [時代], Time, US weekly news magazine, age/era/epoch/period (in one's life)/CL:個|个[gè]
        dàijià, [代價], price/cost/consideration (in share dealing)
        dài, to substitute/to act on behalf of others/to replace/generation/dynasty/age/perio...
        dàitì, to replace/to take the place of
        Xiàndài/xiàndài, [現代], Hyundai, South Korean company, modern times/modern age/modern era
        dàilǐ, to act on behalf of sb in a responsible position/to act as an agent or proxy/sur...
        dàimǎ, [代碼], code
        qǔdài, to replace/to supersede/to supplant/(chemistry) substitution
        xiàndàiwǔ, [現代舞], modern dance
        dàihào, [代號], code name
        tìdài, to substitute for/to replace/to supersede
        hòudài, [後代], descendant/progeny/posterity/later ages/later generations
        gǔdài, ancient times/olden times
        jiāodài, to hand over/to explain/to make clear/to brief (sb)/to account for/to justify on...
        dàilǐrén, agent
        yīdài, generation
        dàiyánrén, spokesperson
        dāngdài, [當代], the present age/the contemporary era
        xiàyīdài, the next generation
        dàikè, [代課], to teach as substitute for absent teacher
        tìdàipǐn, substitute/alternative
        qǔérdàizhī, to substitute for sb/to remove and replace
        dàishù, [代數], algebra
        dàixiè, [代謝], replacement/substitution/metabolism (biol.)
        xīnchéndàixiè, [新陳代謝], metabolism (biology)/the new replaces the old (idiom)
        xiàndàihuà, [現代化], modernization/CL:個|个[gè]
        dàilǐshāng, agent
        dàibiǎozuò, representative work (of an author or artist)
        shìdài, for many generations/generation/era/age
        dàimíngcí, [代名詞], pronoun/synonym/byword
        dàibiǎotuán, [代表團], delegation/CL:個|个[gè]
        dàidàixiāngchuán, [代代相傳], passed on from generation to generation (idiom); to hand down
        dàibiǎoxìng, representativeness/representative/typical
        dàiláo, [代勞], to do sth in place of sb else
        dàibiǎoduì, [代表隊], delegation
        
        Mǎěrdàifū, [馬爾代夫], the Maldives
        xiàndàirén, [現代人], modern man/Homo sapiens
        huángjīnshídài, [黃金時代], golden age
        dàigōu, [代溝], generation gap
        shìshìdàidài, for many generations
        
        Dàidùn, [代頓], Dayton (city in Ohio)
        jìndài, the not-very-distant past/modern times, excluding recent decades/(in the context...
        
        
        yuèzǔdàipáo, lit. to go beyond the sacrificial altar and take over the kitchen (idiom); fig. ...
        chuánzōngjiēdài, [傳宗接代], to carry on one's ancestral line
        
        
        
        shìdàixiāngchuán, [世代相傳], passed on from generation to generation (idiom); to hand down
        dàicí, [代詞], pronoun
        
        
        huàshídài, [劃時代], epoch-marking
        
        dàichēng, [代稱], alternative name/to refer to sth by another name/antonomasia
        shèngdài, [聖代], sundae (loanword)
        Wǔdài, Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and...
        cháodài, dynasty/reign (of a king)
        lìdài, [歷代], successive generations/successive dynasties/past dynasties
        Xīnshēngdài/xīnshēngdài, Cenozoic (geological era covering the last 65m years), new generation
        Míngdài, the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
        mòdài, final generation
        
        
        yuándàimǎ, [源代碼], source code (computing)
        gǎicháohuàndài, [改朝換代], to transition to a new dynasty or regime
        
        
        
        dàibǐ, [代筆], to write on behalf of sb/to ghostwrite
        gēngxīnhuàndài, [更新換代], reform and renewal/generational change
        
        tóngshídài, [同時代], contemporary
        
        
        
        
        dàishùxué, [代數學], algebra (as branch of math.)
        
        
        dàibàn, [代辦], to act for sb else/to act on sb's behalf/an agent/a diplomatic representative/a ...
        
        
        
        
        xiàndàipài, [現代派], modernist faction/modernists
        
·         
        quánquándàibiǎo, [全權代表], a plenipotentiary (representative)
        jìndàishǐ, modern history (for China, from the Opium Wars until the fall of the Qing Dynast...
        
        dàishùhé, [代數和], algebraic sum
        dàihuàn, [代換], to substitute/to replace
        
        dàiguǎn, to administer/to manage/to hold in trust or escrow
·         Tuōmǎsī·Hādài, [托馬斯·哈代], Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), English author
        
·         
        
        
        
        
·         
        
        
        
        Sòngdài, Song dynasty (960-1279)
        Qīngdài, the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
        Kèlǎngdàikè, Klondike in northwest Canada
        
        
        dàishōu, to receive sth on another's behalf
·         
        
        
        
·         
        
        
        
        huàndài, [換代], to transition to a new dynasty or regime/to replace an older product with an upg...
·         
        
        
        
·         
        
        xiàndàishǐ, [現代史], modern history
        
        
        
        
        
        
·         
        
        Méngdàiěr, [蒙代爾], Walter Mondale (1928-), US democratic politician, US vice-president 1977-1981 an...
        niándàixué, [年代學], chronology (the science of determining the dates of past events)
        jìnxiàndàishǐ, [近現代史], modern history and contemporary history
        
        
        Wàndài, [萬代], Bandai toy company
        shàngdài, previous generation
        
        
        
        
        qīndài, [親代], parent's generation/previous generation
        
        
        
        chuándài, [傳代], to pass to the next generation
···         
        
        dàigòu, [代購], to buy (on behalf of sb)
        dàixíng, to act as a substitute/to act on sb's behalf
        
        
        
        Hàndài, [漢代], the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
        
        
        fēnghuájuédài, [風華絕代], magnificent style unmatched in his generation (idiom); peerless talent
        

        biànhuà, [變化], change/variation/to change/to vary/CL:個|个[gè]
        huā/huà, variant of 花[huā], to make into/to change into/-ization/to ... -ize/to transform...
        wénhuà, culture/civilization/cultural/CL:個|个[gè],種|种[zhǒng]
        huàxué, [化學], chemistry/chemical
        huàzhuāng, [化妝], to put on makeup
        èhuà, [惡化], to worsen
        jìnhuà, [進化], evolution/CL:個|个[gè]
        huàzhuāngpǐn, [化妝品], cosmetic/makeup product
        rónghuà, to melt/to thaw/to dissolve/to blend into/to combine/to fuse
        shēnghuà, biochemistry
        huàyàn, [化驗], chemical examination/to do a lab test
        huàliáo, [化療], chemotherapy
        xiāohuà, to digest/digestion/digestive
        jìnghuà, [淨化], to purify
        qíngxùhuà, [情緒化], emotional/sentimental
        huàshēn, incarnation/reincarnation/embodiment (of abstract idea)/personification
        huàhéwù, chemical compound
        huàmíng, to use an alias/assumed name/pseudonym
        huǒhuà, to cremate/to incinerate
        huàzhuāng, [化裝], (of actors) to make up/to disguise oneself
        yìnghuà, to harden/hardening/sclerosis/fig. to become rigid or inflexible in opinions/to ...
        yǎnghuà, to oxidize
        èryǎnghuàtàn, carbon dioxide CÓ
        zhuǎnhuà, [轉化], to change/to transform/isomerization (chemistry)
        guāngtiānhuàrì, the full light of day (idiom)/fig. peace and prosperity/in broad daylight
        huàxuéfǎnyìng, [化學反應], chemical reaction
退         tuìhuà, to degenerate/atrophy
        qiánghuà, [強化], to strengthen/to intensify
        cuīhuàjì, [催化劑], catalyst
        
        rónghuà, to melt (of ice, metals etc)
        yīyǎnghuàtàn, carbon monoxide CO
        fūhuà, breeding/to incubate/innovation (esp. in commerce and marketing)
        
        héfǎhuà, to legalize/to make legal/legalization
        huàxuépǐn, [化學品], chemicals
        lǎohuà, to age (of person or object)/becoming old
        měihuà, to make more beautiful/to decorate/embellishment
        huàjiě, to dissolve/to resolve (contradictions)/to dispel (doubts)/to iron out (difficul...
        jiǎnhuà, [簡化], to simplify
        
        báirèhuà, [白熱化], to turn white-hot/to intensify/to reach a climax
        huàshí, fossil
        
        huàxuéjiā, [化學家], chemist
        tónghuà, assimilation (cultural, digestive, phonemic etc)
        xiàndàihuà, [現代化], modernization/CL:個|个[gè]
        huàxuéwǔqì, [化學武器], chemical weapon
        fǔhuà, to rot/to decay/to become corrupt
        duōyànghuà, [多樣化], diversification/to diversify
        rónghuà, to melt/to dissolve (of sugar etc)
        ruǎnhuà, [軟化], to soften
        chūshǐhuà, (computing) to initialize/initialization
        jīxièhuà, [機械化], to mechanize
        shāngyèhuà, [商業化], to commercialize
        fēnhuà, to split apart/differentiation
        nǚxìnghuà, to feminize/feminization
        shíhuà, to petrify/petrochemical industry
        jiǎndānhuà, [簡單化], simplification/to simplify
        qīngyǎnghuànà, [氫氧化鈉], caustic soda/sodium hydroxide NaOH
        huàgōngchǎng, [化工廠], chemical factory
        
        gǎnhuà, corrective influence/to reform (a criminal)/redemption (of a sinner)/to influenc...
        quánqiúhuà, globalization
        jìnhuàlùn, [進化論], Darwin's theory of evolution
        
        huàgōng, chemical industry, abbr. of 化學工業|化学工业[huà xué gōng yè]/chemical engineering, abb...
        huàzuò, to change into/to turn into/to become
        shùzìhuà, [數字化], to digitalize/digital
        
        nánxìnghuà, to masculinize/masculinization
        yèhuà, to liquefy
        
        
        qìhuàqì, carburetor/vaporizer
        duōyuánhuà, diversification/pluralism/to diversify
        huàwéiwūyǒu, [化為烏有], to go up in smoke/to vanish
        
        huàfènchí, [化糞池], septic tank
        kāihuà, [開化], to become civilized/to be open-minded/(of ice) to thaw
        lǐxiǎnghuà, to idealize
        yōuhuà, [優化], optimization/to optimize/to make superior
        
        huàxiǎnwéiyí, [化險為夷], to turn peril into safety (idiom); to avert disaster
        zàohuà, good luck/Nature (as the mother of all things)
        hélǐhuà, to rationalize/to make compatible/to streamline/rationalization
        yǎnhuà, to evolve/evolution
        fēnghuà, [風化], decency/public morals/to weather (rocks)/wind erosion
        
        xiāohuàxìtǒng, [消化系統], digestive system/gastrointestinal tract
        biāozhǔnhuà, [標準化], standardization
        fùzáhuà, [複雜化], to complicate/to become complicated
        lǜhuàjiǎ, [氯化鉀], potassium chloride
        zìdònghuà, [自動化], automation
        huàzhuāngshì, [化妝室], dressing room/powder room/(Tw) toilets
        géshìhuà, to format
        fénhuà, to cremate
        gānyìnghuà, cirrhosis
        
        báihuàbìng, albinism
        huàféi, fertilizer
        dànhuà, to water down/to play down/to trivialize/to weaken/to become dull with time/to d...
        zuìdàhuà, to maximize
        xiāohuàdào, digestive tract
        chūshénrùhuà, to reach perfection (idiom); a superb artistic achievement
        
        dàzhònghuà, [大眾化], mass-oriented/to cater for the masses/popularized
        sīyǒuhuà, privatization/to privatize
        yǎnghuàjì, [氧化劑], oxidant/oxidizing agent
        lǜhuàwù, chloride
        xùnhuà, [馴化], to tame/to domesticate
        guójìhuà, [國際化], to internationalize/internationalization
        liànghuà, to quantize/quantization/quantitative
        huàyóuqì, carburetor
        
        chǒuhuà, [醜化], to defame/to libel/to defile/to smear/to vilify
        gèxìnghuà, [個性化], to personalize/to customize/customization
        wùhuà, to objectify/(literary) to die
        shuǐhuà, to hydrate
        
        lǜhuànà, [氯化鈉], sodium chloride NaCl/common salt
        shénhuà, to make divine/apotheosis
        huàxuéyuánsù, [化學元素], chemical element
        huàxuéxì, [化學系], department of chemistry
        fūhuàqì, incubator/apparatus for incubating eggs
        cuīhuà, catalysis/to catalyze (a reaction)
        gōngkāihuà, [公開化], to publicize/openness (of government, PRC equivalent of "glasnost")
        yǒujīhuàxué, [有機化學], organic chemistry
        zhèngzhìhuà, to politicize
        ruòhuà, weaken/make weaker
        jiānghuà, to become rigid
        
        gùhuà, to solidify/solidification (chemistry)
绿         lǜhuà, [綠化], to make green with plants/to reforest/(Internet slang) Islamization
        qìhuà, to boil/to vaporize
        kuòdàhuà, [擴大化], to extend the scope/to exaggerate
        qiányímòhuà, [潛移默化], imperceptible influence/to influence secretly
        liúhuàqīng, [硫化氫], hydrogen sulfide HS/sulfureted hydrogen
        huànóng, [化膿], to fester/to suppurate/to be infected
        qiānbiànwànhuà, [千變萬化], countless changes/constant permutation
        yàwénhuà, [亞文化], subculture
        dòngmàiyìnghuà, [動脈硬化], hardening of the arteries/arteriosclerosis
        huàxuéjiàn, [化學鍵], chemical bond
        cíhuà, to magnetize
        yǎnghuàlǚ, [氧化鋁], aluminum oxide
        gǎnhuàyuàn, reformatory/reform school
        
        jūnshìhuà, [軍事化], militarization
        
        féngxiōnghuàjí, misfortune turns to blessing (idiom); to turn an inauspicious start to good acco...
        gōngyèhuà, [工業化], to industrialize/industrialization
        
        
        
        
        liúhuà, vulcanization (curing rubber using sulfur and heat)
        biànhuàduōduān, [變化多端], changeable/changing/varied/full of changes
        gàihuà, [鈣化], to calcify/calcification
        èryǎnghuàguī, silicon dioxide (SiÓ)
        èryǎnghuàliú, sulfur dioxide SÓ
        guòyǎnghuàqīng, [過氧化氫], hydrogen peroxide HÓ
        
        gānghuàbōli, [鋼化玻璃], reinforced glass
        biānyuánhuà, [邊緣化], to marginalize/marginalization
        
        
        yītǐhuà, [一體化], integration/incorporation/unification
        
        huàhé, chemical combination
        zhíyèhuà, [職業化], professionalization
        jùtǐhuà, [具體化], to concretize
        
        shēnhuà, to deepen/to intensify
        huànhuà, to be transformed/to metamorphose/transformation/metamorphosis
        biànhuàmòcè, [變化莫測], unpredictable/changeable
        zhuānyèhuà, [專業化], specialization
        shèhuìhuà, [社會化], socialization/to socialize/to fit into society/to train sb for society
        qìhuà, [氣化], to vaporize/evaporation/carburetion/氣|气[qì] transformation in TCM (i.e. transfor...
        diǎnhuàjiǎ, [碘化鉀], potassium iodide
        yǎnghuàwù, oxide
        
        
        rǔhuà, to emulsify
        gǔhuà, to ossify/ossification
        shígǔbùhuà, to swallow ancient learning without digesting it (idiom)/to be pedantic without ...
        niánqīnghuà, [年輕化], to make more youthful/to promote younger staff
        
        diànqìhuà, [電氣化], electrification
        zhìdùhuà, systematization
        
        jíhuà, [極化], polarization
        diànhuàxué, [電化學], electrochemistry
        fūhuàchǎng, [孵化場], incubator/hatchery (for poultry etc)
        lǎolínghuà, [老齡化], aging (population)
        dúhuà, to poison/to infect
        
        WénhuàDàgémìng, Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
        jiàohuāzi, variant of 叫花子[jiào huā zi]
        xìhuà, [細化], to give a more granular level of detail/to elaborate/to refine/to become more di...
        
        guīfànhuà, [規範化], to standardize/standardization
        huàzhěngwéilíng, [化整為零], to break up the whole into pieces (idiom); dealing with things one by one/divide...
        
        
        
        huàxiān, [化纖], synthetic fiber
西         
        
        mínzhǔhuà, to convert to democracy/democratic transformation
        
        huàxuézhàn, [化學戰], chemical warfare
        
        
        
        
        
        yīyuánhuà, integration/integrated/unified
        huàxuénéng, [化學能], chemical energy
        gōngshìhuà, to formalize/formalism in art (esp. as proscribed in USSR and PRC)
        
        
        lǜhuàqīng, [氯化氫], hydrogen chloride HCl
        
        guòyǎnghuàwù, [過氧化物], peroxide
        
        
        
        tànhuàwù, carbide
        huóhuàshí, living fossil
        
        běntǔhuà, to localize/localization
        qínghuàjiǎ, [氰化鉀], potassium cyanide KCN
        qínghuànà, [氰化鈉], sodium cyanide NaCN
        gàiniànhuà, conceptualization
        réngéhuà, to personalize/anthropomorphism
        xiāohuàméi, digestive enzyme
        yìhuà, [異化], alienation (philosophy)/(of speech) dissimilation
        
        
        shìchǎnghuà, [市場化], marketization
绿         
        
        huàdòng, [化凍], to defrost
        
        huàtán, to transform phlegm (TCM)
        mínyínghuà, [民營化], privatization
        
        
        Shùnhuà, [順化], Hue, city in central Vietnam and capital of Thua Thien province
        
        yèhuàqì, [液化氣], liquid gas/bottled gas (fuel)
        
        huàxuéshì, [化學式], chemical formula (e.g. water HO)
        fúhuàqīng, [氟化氫], hydrofluoric acid
        
        
        
        tànhuàguī, silicon carbide/carborundum
        
        
        
        
        
        yǔhuà, levitation (of Daoist immortal)/to become as light as a feather and ascend to he...
        zuòhuà, to die in a seated posture (Buddhism)
        
        
西         
        shāngpǐnhuà, commodification
        
        guóyǒuhuà, [國有化], nationalization
        chǎnyèhuà, [產業化], to industrialize/industrialization
        wùhuàqì, [霧化器], nebulizer/spray/atomizer
        qīngyǎnghuàwù, [氫氧化物], hydroxide
        xíngshìhuà, formalization/formalized
        
        yǎnghuàgǒng, mercuric oxide (HgO)
        zhèngchánghuà, normalization (of diplomatic relations etc)
        
        liànhuà, [煉化], to refine/refining (e.g. oil, chemicals etc)
        
        jiāohuà, to distill
        
        
        
        huàxuégōngyè, [化學工業], chemical industry, abbr. to 化工[huà gōng]
        
        
        
        
        huàhéjià, [化合價], valence (chemistry)
        
        
        
        
        
        wùlǐhuàxué, [物理化學], physical chemistry
        
        dànyǎnghuàwù, nitrogen oxide
        
        
        
        
        shāmòhuà, desertification
        lǐhuà, physical and chemical
        
        fūhuàqī, incubation period/time for sth to develop
        wénhuàshǐ, cultural history
        
        rìhuà, household chemicals (cleaning products etc) and toiletries/abbr. for 日用化學製品|日用化学...
        
        lǔhuàwù, [鹵化物], halide (i.e. fluoride, chloride, bromide etc)
        huàwǔ, chemical weapon/abbr. for 化學武器|化学武器[huà xué wǔ qì]
        
        
        

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